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Textbook rentals trend upward

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A steady trend throughout campuses across the nation has seen an increase in textbook rentals as opposed to textbook purchases. The most obvious reason for this trend is students saving money.

“I figure I’m most likely not going to be using the book any further after the quarter is done,” said Peter Eckes, a fourth-year chemistry major. “So why not just rent the book? That way I’m at least saving some cash and I won’t end up with a stack of books lying around that I’d never get around to selling back or using again.”

Eckes’ rationale may be echoed by other students, leading to the surge in textbook rentals.

In a study done by Student Monitor LLC, a college market research firm, students spent an average of $345 on textbooks in fall 2005. By spring 2011, the average had fallen to $252.

In addition, a press release by the National Association of College Stores (NACS) stated that students estimate they spend $655 annually on required course materials, down from $702 four years ago.

Though these numbers may not seem absurdly high or ground-breaking, the idea behind it all is that prices have fallen. In a world where tuition is constantly on the rise and the price of anything from a cup of coffee to an apartment’s rent seems to be climbing upward at a dizzying ascent, people are realizing that some things are actually on the decline monetarily.

If the choices for textbook rentals didn’t seem abundant enough already, Amazon.com has recently decided to enter the ring by offering textbook rentals with a free return shipping program. The program allows for 130 days of rental with a 15-day extension allowed for a fee. If you keep the book longer, you will be charged the full price.

The UC Davis Bookstore is in support of textbook rentals. At the start of the rental program in Fall 2010, 8,000 units had been rented out, consisting of 246 available titles. Subsequently, by Winter quarter, the demand for rentals had pushed the available titles to 383.

In a report by UC Davis Bookstore affiliate MBS Rental, Jason Lorgan, associate director of the UC Davis Bookstore, detailed his early trepidations with textbook rentals, which soon vanished given the success of the program.

“The rental program brought lower prices back to the bookstore, which was a big relief for students and professors alike,” Lorgan said. “Even though we drastically reduced prices, our store maintained the same margin. Now we can give students the options they deserve and let them decide.”

ANDREW POH can be reached at city@theaggie.org.

New social networking site makes a splash

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There’s nothing more relaxing to do during a hot summer day than lounging around the pool. And now you can do it online via atthepool.com, a recently launched social platform.

On Aug. 27, UC Davis students are invited to attend the exclusive launch of At The Pool (ATP for short) by signing up at ATP’s website. Then, students can request an invite using “UC Davis” as their invite code.

ATP was founded by Alex Capecelatro, a UCLA alumnus who graduated with a degree in materials engineering. He said that the site’s name references the pool because it uses the concept of “pools,” which is one of the site’s many functions meant to help people meet others who share similar likes. The site’s goal is to make daily introductions for its users with fellow classmates they’ve never met before on campus.

Though the initial meet-greet would be online, Capecelatro said that the hope is that it will ultimately cultivate into a group of compatible individuals who will meet up for outside excursions, such as catching that movie you really want to see but your friends aren’t as eager to.

Capecelatro got the idea for ATP when he was working at a tech startup in New York after graduation. During that time, he said he felt disconnected from everything around him and struggled to bond with new people.

“It was difficult meeting new people and it wasn’t until I was about to move that I serendipitously met someone at a diner who works in tech and shared a number of my interests,” Capecelatro said.

Once he moved back to California, he found himself in the same isolated position again, looking to connect with people who shared his own interests. He wondered why it was so hard to meet people who liked the same things as he did and stay in contact as well.

“I realized the Internet does a great job at connecting us with our friends and family, but a terrible job at introducing us to new people and getting us offline,” Capecelatro said. “Oddly, this is what Facebook used to be good at when it first started at colleges. It doesn’t do this anymore and it’s still incredibly tough to find like-minded classmates and we realized [ATP] would be a great tool for students.”

Jason Hsin, lead designer on ATP, studies entertainment design at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, Calif. and has worked with ATP since its start. Hsin had a problem not unlike those of Capecelatro in that it was difficult to meet anybody outside his social circle who shared similar interests. Coincidentally, the two connected over the “same obscure passion for Flatland BMX.”

“This led us to the idea of remedying the problem that social networks were built to remedy in the first place: to actually connect you with other people you want to meet in real life,” Hsin said.

Hsin’s design for ATP is radically different from the familiar layouts of major social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter which often consist of a never-ending news feed, endless photos which are updated constantly and of course, a chat application similar to instant messaging.

“You don’t get to know someone by scrolling through an endless feed of inconsequential updates and check-ins to Starbucks. We center our design around making it clear to you why you’re being matched with someone through such factors as mutual friends and giving you a feel for their personality through fun and quirky Q&As. If you want to converse with your match, you have to be viewing their profile,” Hsin said. “We break the monotony and oversaturation of current social networks by focusing on singular but meaningful interactions.”

ATP introduces a new person to each user every 24 hours so matches don’t linger for too long.

Julia Rockwell, event coordinator at the University of Connecticut branch of ATP, got involved with ATP when she saw a flyer for the beta site which went by its testing name, Hyphos.

“I created a profile out of curiosity. Alex messaged me almost instantly as he’s very friendly and wanted to know my opinions on the site. We started talking and hit it off right away as we had many overlapping ideas on how to improve people’s lives with technology and more communication channels,” Rockwell said. “I believe in striving to make the world better, and as a communications major, I love studying how people interact with each other, so the ability to improve people’s interactions and social lives was a perfect fit.”

Rockwell said that she too had the desire to befriend new people and that the ingenuity of ATP was that it used the Internet to encourage people to turn off their computers and plan outings together in the real world.

“It’s different since it’s a step forward, working to get people over the stigma of meeting new people from ‘the Internet.’ I believe this stigma comes partially from skepticism and fear but the majority of people using the Internet are sane,” Rockwell said. “I hope [the stigma] starts to fade, as we deserve a means to meet one another offline and use the Internet as a tool to enrich our lives offline.”

MICHELLE RUAN can be reached at features@theaggie.org. 

Police Briefs

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WEDNESDAY

Exact change only

Someone was walking around downtown with a sign asking for $18 on Second Street.

An unmentionable crime

A burglar entered someone’s laundry room and stole 20 pairs of panties for the second time on Cowell Boulevard.

Comic Con

Somebody broke into an apartment and stole comic books on Sycamore Lane.

 

THURSDAY

Downright unholy

A female was reported screaming “Oh my God” repeatedly for over 15 minutes from inside her apartment on Linden Lane.

 

SATURDAY

Career criminal           

A man dressed in all black wearing a dark blanket as a cape used a flashlight to peep into car windows on East Eighth Street.

Oscar the Grouch

Somebody is living inside the dumpster and scaring the residents on Covell Boulevard.

 

Police briefs are compiled from the City of Davis daily crime bulletins. Contact EINAT GILBOA at city@theaggie.org.

KVIE Art Auction

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The annual KVIE Art Auction is including the work of 16 Davis artists in its collection from Sept. 28 to 30, with three of these artists winning the juror award.

Each year, Northern Californian households have the opportunity to tune into a parade of expression on their public access channel KVIE. The channel hosts Northern Californian talents every year and throws a preview gala to determine the best artwork in show.

The art show gathers an eclectic mix of artists utilizing different mediums. This year, three Davis artists received the juror award for exemplary rule in their artistic achievements.

“I paint… to make people see the things they don’t appreciate,” Marie Therese Brown said.

Brown is one of the recipients of the juror award, given to her for her plein air painting. The French words describe the act of painting in the moment.

She delves into the bustle of both the city and the wild to capture the life in objects otherwise overlooked. In this case, her choice of focus was the bridge over the Sacramento River.

She chose the bridge for its placidity — no one ever thinks of the bridge they are crossing. She took the time to appreciate the lights falling off the handrail and the water’s reflective nature. Brown said she wants to make people realize how beautiful things really are, adding that there is an endless supply of beauty in Davis.

Different artists use different mediums and in the case of artist Emma Luna, who is also a recipient of the juror award, her choice of ceramic cloth goes beyond the canvas.

“I always try to be very unique. In my work there must be an originality to it,” Luna said.

Luna’s artwork involves the manipulation of ceramic material and suggests a sort of elegance to the piece. Two pears sit side by side on a cloth that encompasses the fruit. Luna describes this as being synonymous with couples, transcending the artwork’s fruity nature.

In a way the metaphor goes beyond the fruit to rank statements on same-sex couples, male and female couples, peas in a pod, whatever can be coupled. To Luna, the piece makes a statement wherever there are couplings and can be interpreted by an inquiring audience to their own preferences.

Luna strives to give audiences an appreciation of everyday life from form, shape and texture.

“It’s always nice to have people enjoy your artwork,” Luna said.

In art sometimes there is a functional side and a sculptural side, said Thomas Post, another recipient of the KVIE juror award. In his piece, there is movement and physicality. Post describes his collages as accompanying feelings of space and openness.

Tune in to the three-day live auction on KVIE from Sept. 28 to 30, or view it online at kvie.org/artauction. The three Davis artworks are “American River Bridge,” “Two Pears On A Ceramic Cloth” and “Still Point.”

PETER AN can be reached at arts@theaggie.org.

New parking payment option for students

UC Davis Transportation and Parking Services (TAPS) released their new parking permit option, the EasyPark Personal Parking Meter (PPM), June 18.

The PPM is a small device that is used like a parking meter; it deducts funds at the rate of $1.50 per hour to a maximum of $7, the cost of a one-day permit. Funds can be added with a minimum of $25 to a maximum of $300. Once there are no remaining funds on the PPM, the device can be taken to TAPS to add more. The permit allows people to park in any “C” permit parking space or parking meter.

“It should help the individuals who regularly use the parking meters on campus or purchase $7 daily parking permits. For example, if you need to drive in and park on campus for two hours per day, three days per week, the Easypark PPM is a great option because you will pay only $9 for the entire week instead of $7 per day or $40 per month,” said Leslie Mancebo, transportation demand and marketing coordinator at TAPS.

The PPM is directed toward people who work near the Activities and Recreation Center (ARC), who are only on campus for short time periods and for students who have a light class load on certain days.

“It sounds pretty ideal if you only have one 50-minute class on a certain day or if you want to go to the ARC to work out for an hour or two,” said fourth-year psychobiology major Robin Trevor. “The community college I transferred from sold day passes for only $1 and parking for a semester was only $40. It’s insane how much I’ve spent on parking alone, since I commute from Sacramento.”

Anyone may purchase a PPM at the TAPS office. A $33 deposit is required to obtain a PPM; it can be fully refunded if the unit is returned undamaged.

Others will opt to remain on the monthly, quarterly or annual permit purchase.

“I feel like this is a waste of money compared to the permit system. Assuming you use this for about four hours a week, times 10 weeks per quarter, that’s about $80 per quarter,” said Fourth-year animal science major Edwin Carranza says.  “For about $50 more, one can park anytime without worrying about hitting the $7 mark. Also, with the initial $30 deposit, it becomes cheaper to buy a permit instead.”

In order to use the PPM the vehicle must be parked in a “C” permit parking spot or parking meter and the device must be placed inside the vehicle from the driver’s side window. Once the device is turned on, it automatically deducts funds until it is turned off again.

Fourth-year electrical engineering major Varn Khanna said, “If people could just install an application on their phone and do the same thing, it’d be much more convenient. This has the same issue as with the permit: People with multiple cars will keep forgetting to carry this along because it has to be displayed on the car. If it was a phone app, people could be alerted before they were given a citation, they could register the license number right on their phone and keep track of when they have to move.”

Many would be drawn to a PPM instead of a parking meter because handfuls of quarters are no longer needed for the meter. However, a vehicle using the PPM at a parking meter may only stay there for the allotted time. For example, if the meter time limit is 45 minutes, the vehicle may not be parked there for more than 45 minutes despite the amount of remaining funds of the device.

“It’s like having a parking meter in your car: It’s very convenient, instead of having to find a parking meter and have all those coins. Also you don’t have to waste $7 if you want to just go to the gym or go to one class on a day you don’t feel like taking the bus or biking,” said third-year environmental science and management student Kelley Liang.

Like the “C” permit, once it is 5 p.m., users of the PPM are also allowed to park in “A” permit spaces; the difference is that users of the PPM only pay for the time they are parked on campus, not a lump sum. However, if the PPM is lost or stolen, refunds will not be given for the deposit or the funds in the PPM. An individual using a lost PPM will be cited by TAPS, and the device will be confiscated and returned to the original customer.

Since June, 185 PPMs have been issued.

“We do not expect the EasyPark PPMs to have an impact on parking permit sales because they are available to a different population. I do hope that the PPMs will result in fewer customers receiving parking citations while parked at parking meters,”  Mancebo said.

More information on the PPM can be found at the TAPS website.

LILIANA NAVA OCHOA can be reached at campus@theaggie.org.

News in Brief: Eighth Annual Village Feast on Aug. 25

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Davis Farm to School will hold the Eighth Annual Village Feast on Saturday from noon to 3 p.m. in Davis Central Park.

An end-of-the-summer tradition, the event will bring around 300 members of the community. Buckhorn Steakhouse will cater and all attendees should bring their own plates and utensils.

Funds will go to the Davis Farm to School programs that promote school gardens, local produce served in school lunches and school recycling and composting. A silent auction will also be held, featuring food, wine, travel and entertainment items.

Tickets are $75 if purchased online at brownpapertickets.com/event/250881 or at the Davis Food Co-op, and $85 at the door.

— Claire Tan

UC students travel overseas to Nepal with Nourish International

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Everyone looks forward to summer. Warm weather, no classes, maybe a tropical vacation and time to sleep in. But for a group of UC Santa Barbara students, such expectations were nonexistent this summer.

This summer, the Nourish International UC Davis chapter teamed with UC Santa Barbara to send a group of students to Nepal for three weeks to help local students.

Nourish International is a student-founded and student-run nonprofit organization that was first created under the name Hunger Lunch in 2003, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

To raise awareness about poverty, students served rice and beans for lunch on campus and the proceeds were put toward a project to help people suffering from malnourishment in India. After such a success, the students continued the program and rebranded it as Nourish International.

Kelly Phoenix, a UNC graduate, was part of Nourish as a college student and is now the current executive director due to her passion for combating poverty.

“Nourish International engages students and empowers communities to make a lasting impact on extreme poverty,” Phoenix said. “The students run social businesses on their campuses and they invest the funds that they earn on sustainable development projects during the summer in the developing world.”

The project in Nepal this summer was derived from the idea that athletics should be linked with education, so the students devised a plan to build a soccer field, along with various other services, at a school in Arupokhari-1, Nepal.

Third-year global studies major Miya Sommers of UC Santa Barbara was able to shed some light on the project that is still going on overseas.

She said that they had some difficulties thinking of a project that would fit all of their criteria.

“We wanted to find something community-based and has the students actively playing a role,” Sommers said. “There were other things that were crucial to development too; you want it to be something that is long-term and would mean something to the community.”

While the Nourish chapter at UC Davis played a major role in the project and the fundraising, none of the UC Davis students were able to make the trip this summer. However, new chapter director and senior sociology major Kimberly Chavarria said that she hopes to recruit more people into the program and wants to makethe Nourish name more well-known around campus.

The chapter was established in 2009 and in the past has held multiple trips for its members to help those in Ecuador, but switched it up this year to raise funds for Nepal.

UC Davis students helped to raise money in an online fundraiser called the Global Giving Challenge, in which the Nourish chapters of all 29 universities competed to raise the most money. UC Santa Barbara landed in fourth place.

“We were able to raise $3,000 with the help of the UC Davis chapter and that was momentous because when we started it was a bad economic time,” Sommers said.

When the group of nine arrived in Nepal, they not only built a soccer field, but also brought jerseys and cleats to distribute to the school children. On top of that, they donated books and organized the school library, painted the school, taught a computer class for the teachers and taught English to the students.

While there were many successes with the project, some problems did arise.

“This is our first project ever and I don’t think we got the community as involved as we should have, which is critical to making this a long-term project,” Sommers said. “I don’t think we planned it out environmentally, economically and socially-sustainable for the school.”

Sommers said that another problem was the language barrier, which definitely made things more difficult but also served as an important part of the learning process.

“I think it’s really good to gain that appreciation for another language,” Sommers said. “But it’s also hard because you want to share your experiences and ask questions and if you can’t do that you feel really muted and limited. That’s why it was good that we went as a group. We could experience life in Arupokhari-1 and then go to someone’s room and talk about it.”

While a main part of Nourish is to help those suffering malnourishment and poverty, the students gain a lot from their experiences as well.

“They immersed themselves in the community they were staying in in Nepal,” Phoenix said. “One of the key tenets of Nourish International is that it’s a partnership between the community and the students and that they each have something to learn from each other.”

Many of those involved felt this “cross-cultural experience,” Sommers said. While the goal of the project was to help the people of the village of Arupokhari-1, she said she thought that they helped her even more.

“I feel like they have helped me so much. They didn’t know me or what I was going to do, but they welcomed me into their house and shared their experiences,” Sommers said. “The children were so loving and I think that changed me because I realized that every child is so special. Even in our own backyard we need to invigorate these children because they are the change-makers and the most important thing for our world right now.”

DEVON BOHART can be reached at features@theaggie.org.

Sierra magazine names UC Davis “Coolest School”

The Sierra Club’s Sierra magazine recently ranked UC Davis as America’s number one coolest school in its sixth annual ranking of the greenest colleges in the nation. Three years ago UCD ranked 24th, two years ago, 16th and last year, eighth.

“At UC Davis, sustainability is one of our core values,” said UCD Chancellor Linda P.B. Katehi in a press release. “I am very proud of the students, faculty and staff who have worked so hard to make this achievement possible and to invest in a more sustainable future for our campus.”

The magazine received 96 responses and ranked all the participating schools based on an online survey called the Campus Sustainability Data Collector. This survey was created in collaboration with the Sierra Club, the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, the Sustainable Endowments Institute and the Princeton Review.

Lifestyle Editor for Sierra magazine Avital Andrews said the main thing a school needed to do well on the survey was to do well in every category. The final rankings were calculated based on a scoring key. Andrews said there were 90 categories with specific criteria in each, with a total of 894.5 possible points.

“It’s hard to win this thing if you’re not really eco-conscious in every realm,” Andrews said. “So that includes everything from energy efficiency to energy sourcing, academics to purchasing, transportation to waste management, water usage, administration policies, endowments and investments. It basically includes every possible criteria we could have thought of.”

UC Davis obtained a score of 709.17, indicating that even the best school still has a ways to go and there’s no such thing as perfection just yet, Andrews said.

Assistant Vice Chancellor for Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability Sid England said UC Davis was able to achieve this ranking because of programs that range from energy efficiency to purchasing programs to waste management.

“We have our Smart Lighting Initiative, where we’re trying to reduce the amount of energy we use for lighting 60 percent in the next several years,” England said. “I think there’s a whole series of things when they looked at our submittals that led them to picking us as the top.”

Andrews said West Village really caught the Sierra Club’s attention since it’s the largest zero-net energy residential community in America.

“It’s really innovative in our eyes; the community produces as much energy as it consumes,” she said.

Davis is thorough about every aspect of good stewardship, according to Andrews. She said the school is very vigilant about using its purchasing power to buy things that are eco-friendly and that minimize harm on the environment.

“The waste diversion rate is very high; 67 percent of trash is diverted from landfills,” she said. “There’s a really extensive recycling and composting program compared to other campuses, and really good transportation solutions — more than 20,000 bike racks on campus, about 21,000 bikes on campus in any given day and the red double-decker buses are powered by natural gas.”

Two reasons were given when it came to the importance of schools to be green.

“One is just physical; campuses really operate like small cities, so they have the potential to create a significant environmental impact if they don’t make an effort to conserve and manage their resources,” Andrews said. “Also, kind of a more philosophical reason, if young people are surrounded by eco-positive lifestyles and educated about why it’s important and how to help fix it, it creates a desire in people to address the issues.”

England said UC Davis is continuing to invest in the statewide energy partnership program to increase efficiency of the school’s buildings.

“We’re constantly moving forward, trying to improve on what we already are,” England said. “We have to if we want to achieve the larger goals of sustainability.”

CLAIRE TAN can be reached at city@theaggie.org. 

Column: Caesar’s last breath

All things flow. Nothing stands. – Plato

Throughout history, many writers, scientists and philosophers have waxed poetically some version of the idea that we are the universe experiencing itself. At first, this seems like some hippie jargon about universal love and peace. But look deeper, and there is an astounding level of scientific and philosophical thought in that small phrase.

They say that whenever you take a breath, you take in air molecules from Julius Caesar’s dying exhale. His breath emanated from his body and dispersed across the globe, crossing oceans and continents, getting recycled through trees, and eventually ending up in the path of your morning run.  Whether it’s every breath, or every tenth breath that has Caesar’s air, the romance of the idea is not lost. Every breath, every bite and every sip you take is far more than just what it consists of at that moment. We are pieces of everything that has ever happened.

A star goes supernova in a faraway galaxy. The abundant hydrogen and helium fuse together under the immense heat and pressure, and form the heavier elements required for life, like carbon and oxygen. The fusion of hydrogen and helium into heavier elements is what makes the stars burn bright and hot, and powers all life on earth. When the star explodes, those elements are hurled into space to finally arrive on Earth. Stars die so that we can live.

Millions of years ago, a dinosaur died and fell to the bottom of the sea. As it decomposed, it lost all of its oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous, leaving just carbon and hydrogen. As the layers of decomposed matter became deeper and deeper, reaching depths of 10,000 feet, the heat and pressure changed that organic matter into hydrocarbons, a.k.a., oil. Along comes man, who pulls the oil out of the ground, loads it into cars and combusts it to get from A to B.  When we are in the city, we are breathing in molecules that once belonged to a terrible lizard. Dinosaurs died so we could drive.

Water from the seven seas and every major river on Earth evaporates into the air, follows pressure currents and rains down. Where that rain falls, parts of every body of water are collecting into one place.

A farmer dies in Greece. His ashes are spread over the olive orchard that has been in his family for generations. The orchard gets watered with the rain, and the ashes seep into the soil. The ashes fertilize the soil and become part of the olives. The olives are transported using fuel from dinosaurs and come to our plates to become part of us.

This is not the same as a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil and causing a tsunami in Sri Lanka. This is not an abstract “butterfly effect.” This is real-life connections between everything. Every atom that we are made of came from somewhere else and went through its own journey to get to wherever it is in us now; our brains, eyes, ears, fingers, or anything else we use to sense the world around us.  We are pieces of the universe put together into a thinking, conscious, self-aware package that can then experience itself.

Whether or not you can come to terms with breathing Caesar’s last breath or being made of stardust, we are all part of a larger system. In a sense, a person never dies. They simply become something else.

HUDSON LOFCHIE can be reached at science@theaggie.org.

Police Briefs

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THURSDAY

Planking is SO over

A man was reported lying facedown on J Street.

 

It’s in the cards

A person a girl believes to be her stalker left her a note saying they only have a little time left on Olive Drive.

 

School of Rock

Though no cars were present and all lights were off, the office doors were wide open and music was playing in the office of a school on E. Eighth Street.

 

FRIDAY

Wet reckless

A group of intoxicated people hopped the fence to an apartment pool on J Street, and one of the males was running around naked.

 

SATURDAY

Domestic foul

A group of roosters was believed to be wandering around and making noise in the cemetery on Regis Drive.

 

Stealing the spotlight

Somebody tried to steal a light pole out of a resident’s front yard for the third time, leaving a muddy handprint behind on Oak Drive.

 

Police briefs are compiled from the City of Davis daily crime bulletins. Contact EINAT GILBOA at city@theaggie.org.

‘Curiosity’ rover makes spectacular landing on Mars

After “Mars Curiosity,” a space probe sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), successfully landed on Mars Aug. 5, UC Davis researchers continued to work.

The 567-million-kilometer journey marked the 12th successful NASA Mars mission out of 16 attempted since 1964.

Dawn Sumner, UC Davis associate professor in geology, is a member of the Mars Exploration Program Advisory Group, a group of NASA scientists who help determine the goals of NASA’s Mars projects.

“We have to make decisions every day as to what the rover is going to do,” Sumner said.
For more than eight years, the US has had a continual robotic presence on the Martian surface.

Another Mars rover, named “Sojourner,” landed on Mars in 1997 and was the first probe to use the technique of landing a rover by allowing it to bounce on the surface using an air bag.

“The [Curiosity] rover is so big that they couldn’t use the same air bag landing system,” Sumner said.

One of Sumner’s students, Amy Williams, a fourth-year Ph.D. student in geology, is also involved with the Mars Curiosity mission. She’s a member of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) science team and will help choose science targets on the ground to answer questions.

Williams has had an interest in space exploration for many years.

“I’ve always been kind of a sci-fi nerd, and enjoyed the thought of searching for life in the universe,” Williams said. “When the chance to work with Dawn and MSL came around, it seemed like the perfect fit — an opportunity to become an astrobiologist.”

Williams is currently working with Athena Phan, a UC Davis undergraduate and member of Sumner’s team.

“I’m doing an analogous research project [on Earth] because the exploration for evidence of life on Mars begins with comprehending how life is imprinted on Earth,” Phan said.

The Mars Curiosity rover could be functional for several years and NASA scientists will be working to obtain funding to continue the project into the future as long as is desired.

BRIAN RILEY can be reached at science@theaggie.org.

Column: The plant lords

In a world of flesh and cellulose, who holds the power?  Do we, the flesh, hold the power to cut down the trees, or do the trees hold to power to relieve us of our air once they are gone?  This attitude of mutually assured destruction is the wrong way to go about creating balance.  Like it or not, we are stuck with each other.  But plants do not have to be a constant hindrance to human expansion, and humans do not have to be a grim reaper for the woods and forests.

This summer when I visited Floriade, the once-per-decade World Horticultural Expo in the Netherlands, I had the privilege to see the power and beauty of what can be done when man doesn’t just accommodate nature, but embraces it and folds nature and technology together.  A house that grows its own food on the walls, buildings made from living trees that heal themselves when damaged and home-sized algae reactors that can clean the air and provide valuable biomass were only a few of the innovations present at Floriade.

There were houses that processed their waste to charge electric cars, and lighting systems that captured natural sunlight and released it at night without any need for electrical power.  But even more impressive than the technology present at the expo was the cooperative presence of over 20 countries.  Each contributing country constructed a pavilion incorporating the national architectural aesthetic as well as a botanical technology innovation.  If we were lucky, the national pavilions were also serving their national dishes.

Chicken curry odors wafted and gemstones sparkled from the Nepal pavilion. Sambouseks from Turkey made mouths water from hundreds of feet away.  Wood carvings and jewelry from Sudan showed the artistic side of a country torn apart by strife.

Countries from every continent were represented, from Yemen and Turkey, China and South Korea, Spain and Italy, Indonesia, Nepal, Ecuador, Kenya and even Pakistan and Sudan.  Visiting each pavilion was like taking an international flight to the country itself.  The smells, the plants, the architecture and the garden styles were all emblematic of the host country, and all were as different as the countries themselves.

In a time when the world is becoming more and more concerned about our ecological future, Floriade was a literal and metaphorical breath of fresh air, reminding visitors that human ingenuity reaches beyond finding better ways to mine, cut and burn.  When our minds are set to the task, we can create art that we can live in, and industry that is beautiful to look at.  We can create self-sustaining environments that contain more biodiversity than any other place on earth.

This international and inter-species cooperation represents a new paradigm of where our society should be heading.  One country changing its environmental policy will have little effect if other nations do not follow suit.  What Floriade demonstrated was that even the most industrial nations, even the countries with their minds set on expansion, can do so with absolutely no harm to the environment.

The technologies that come out of such an endeavor can often bud off technologies that, even with no practical value, can provide an aesthetic alternative to existing technologies.  Hanging gardens in your kitchen, kitchen tables made of grass and flowers that will use the crumbs you spill as compost, the list goes on.

And just when you think that the walk-around naturalism is becoming too much to handle, you can take a ride on a cable car gondola 300 feet above the park powered by 100 percent solar energy.

Technology is not anti-nature, and nature is not anti-technology.  The two can coincide beautifully, and with better results than if either were working independently.  You do not have to visit Floriade to understand how beneficial such a mindset can be.

HUDSON LOFCHIE can be reached at science@theaggie.org.

UC graduate programs may see a 35 percent tuition hike

On July 18, the UC Board of Regents voted to raise the supplemental tuition for most of its graduate school programs by as much as 35 percent.

Taking the brunt of the measure will be the UC system’s four nursing school programs, which will all see tuition increases of 35 percent.

Most of the other programs should face a roughly 10 percent increase, which could amount to $1,500 for some of the more costly programs that the system has to offer.

Some are already re-evaluating future plans in the wake of the news.

“I was strongly considering getting my MBA from a UC,” said Sunny Wong, a recent UC Santa Barbara graduate. “Now I’m leaning toward working a few years to pay back my undergraduate loans first.”

The decisions were granted as requests by the professional programs to either raise their current fee or implement a fee when no fee had previously been required. The fees will be implemented as early as this year, but some programs may see gradual increases annually until 2015.

Student Regent Jonathan Stein and Lt. Governor Gavin Newsom voted in opposition of the hike with the remainder of the board voting in favor.

At the same meeting, the UC Board of Regents decided to freeze the cost of tuition for undergraduates for the time being, as long as Proposition 30 passes.

Though Stein has expressed enthusiasm for the undergraduate tuition freeze, his feelings aren’t the same for the graduate school situation.

“How can we expect people to be a public defender or work for the government with a debt load of $150,000?” he said in a July 19 article in the San Francisco Chronicle. “I just don’t understand that.”

Nevertheless, the initiatives have passed and the effects will soon be felt. Undergraduates will be getting a little room to breathe for the time being; however, the respite may be short-lived.

“This is a matter of all hands on deck. Let’s pull together for the university and for our country,” Gov. Jerry Brown said at a surprise appearance at a meeting following the Board of Regents meeting.

ANDREW POH can be reached at city@theaggie.org.

Better-tasting tomatoes on the horizon, thanks to UC Davis and Cornell researchers

Usually when one thinks of tomatoes, images of nice round fruits with a bright red color spring to mind. Heirloom tomatoes, on the other hand, typically don’t enjoy the same patterns of uniform redness. However, despite their lackluster color, a distinction in their genetics allows them to exhibit a higher level of sweetness than their traditional red counterparts.

In a June study conducted by UC Davis and Cornell plant biologists, researchers gained new insight into these differences.

The amount of selective breeding devoted to creating a perfect color has lead to the unintentional reduction in tomato flavor. Farmers have traditionally selected varieties of tomatoes that are lighter green before ripening. This allowed for easier identification of ripe tomatoes for harvest but also gradually lowered the overall sweetness of the fruits harvested. The lighter green color is due to a reduced amount of chloroplasts, the sugar-producing part of the plant.

Ann Powell, a UC Davis biochemist, and her team sought to better understand how this information specifically pertains to fruit growth and development. In their efforts, they identified a series of transcription factors that could lead to higher sugar levels in tomatoes.

“Sugar is a flavor enhancer; as we increase sugar levels, we increase the flavor of raw tomatoes,” Powell said.

The research effort focused on finding sequences in the tomato genome responsible for how the fruits ripened. Specifically, researchers isolated segments of DNA where expression would result in differences in color or fruit quality. Researchers identified two important transcription factors, genetic material responsible for regulating the expression of other genes.

According to the study, expression of the transcription factors GLK1 and GLK2 resulted in tomatoes exhibiting a darker shade of green prior to ripening. This color was the end product of the transcription factors increasing production of chloroplasts in the fruits compared to their traditional processed counterparts.

Powell, the coauthor of the study, said that tomato breeders had unintentionally selected strains of tomatoes exhibiting a missense mutation of the GLK2 gene by breeding for tomatoes with their appealing uniform color.

A missense mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that prevents a gene from being properly translated into a protein.

This premature stop sequence cleaves the resulting protein early and renders it ineffective. In the case of GLK2, it no longer functioned to increase sugar levels. However, the higher chloroplast concentrations in the darker green tomatoes that don’t exhibit the mutation result in higher sugar concentrations in the fruit.

Traditionally, tomatoes are harvested at a specified percentage brix, a by-weight concentration measurement for dissolved sugars, and then cooked to artificially increase these concentrations. By utilizing the increased chloroplasts found in the darker strains of tomatoes, tomato farmers have the potential to harvest higher quality tomatoes per unit time.

“Nature presents numerous important genes and their variants, like uniform ripening, that breeders employ to facilitate the needs of growers, processors and consumers,” said Jim Giovannoni, a USDA plant molecular biologist with the Boyce Thompson Institute at Cornell University. “Understanding the genes responsible for these characteristics facilitates the challenging process of breeding crops that meet the needs of all components of the food-supply chain.”

The increased efficiency or quality of the tomatoes harvested could potentially translate into cheaper, higher-quality tomatoes for everyone.

ALAN LIN can be reached at science@theaggie.org.

Sack lunches make comeback

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As climbing tuition costs continue to dominate headlines, some students are trying out new ways to save money. But rather than sacrificing your more luxurious and perhaps expensive tastes, just brown-bag it.

Bringing your own lunch isn’t a new idea, but it is new to many students, many of whom have usually eaten lunches provided by their school cafeteria or have had the luxury of parent-packed lunches.

However, the college lifestyle can be considered the first step toward being a certifiable “grown-up.” There is little to no parental supervision and students who never had to cook, do laundry or clean the house before suddenly find themselves thrust into these responsibilities. Add in a basic course load, extracurricular activities and maybe even a part-time job and the hours seem to be going by a lot faster.

Thus, many students would rather buy their lunch or dinner than actually cook something, as it involves an additional routine of a trip to the local supermarket for groceries, cooking the meal and then finally washing the dishes.

You may think that $1.75 for a large slice of cheese pizza from Ciao at the CoHo sounds like a great deal compared to all the work that goes into cooking. It’s a favorite meal choice of many students. A week’s lunch of cheese pizza slices then comes out to about $9.

However, the food pyramid advises that a week’s worth of cheese pizza slices is in no way a balanced meal, so occasionally, there might be rotation in food choices such as a CoHo salad or a $6.75 hamburger from Burgers and Brew for another day. Eventually, these prices do add up and one can spend around $30 for an entire week’s worth of lunches. That is a figure that many students would rather spend on something else, or save for a rainy day.

Vinson Banh, a fifth-year human development major, brings sandwiches to school instead of purchasing them. Banh believes it to be a much healthier option to bring one’s own lunches.

“Instead of going to the CoHo where the grease on the pizza is enough to soak up two napkins, a nice sandwich would be a lot better. In addition, I would be saving a lot of money instead of shelling out five to seven dollars on lunch,” Banh said.

So, in an effort to curb extraneous spending, more and more students like Banh are discovering the financial benefits of packing their own lunches.

These homemade lunches are not anything grand, as they usually consist of several sandwiches hastily prepared the night before or plastic containers of dinner leftovers. But dinner leftovers are a great way of stretching groceries for more than one meal a day, thus contributing to the financial benefits of brown-bagging.

But sometimes it’s hard to find even a few minutes to make a sandwich in the mornings or at night after a long day.

Victoria Chen, a third-year neurobiology, physiology and behavior major, admits she brings lunches to school sporadically as it depends on how much homework, studying and club activities she has, which is often a lot.

“I wouldn’t mind bringing my own lunch more often but it’s really hard to do when you don’t have a lot of time,” Chen said.

However, she did say that eating homemade food does have its benefits, such as serving as a comfort food.

“Bringing my own lunch makes me less homesick because ethnic foods make me feel a lot more comfortable and happy,” Chen said.

Gloria Huerta, a third-year biochemistry major with an emphasis in molecular biology, echoes Chen’s thoughts about bringing lunch. Huerta also has hard courses and a part-time job at the library, which doesn’t leave her with a lot of time to pack her lunch, even though she’d like to.

“I don’t bring lunch, but if I had time, I would definitely do it. It’ll probably save me money in the long run. But now, I either buy lunch or if I have a break in between classes, I go home and eat something real quick,” Huerta said.

Charles Lam, a third-year human development major, also said that he is fairly busy, but whenever he goes home, his mother makes him lunch, with food that she has prepared and packed in containers for him.

“It’s great that I get food from home because it’s healthy — usually, I have rice, some sort of meat and vegetables,” Lam said. “[Also,] bringing your own lunch to school saves a lot of money because you can pack according to how much you eat; sometimes when you purchase food, you get too much or too little.”

MICHELLE RUAN can be reached at features@theaggie.org.