53.7 F
Davis

Davis, California

Saturday, December 20, 2025
Home Blog Page 1769

A trip to Philadelphia

0

Arriving at the Philadelphia International Airport and armed with the motivation of contributing to Senator Obama’s campaign as a “springtern” – a colloquialism for a spring internship – little did I know what to expect. But experience I did, and it was uncompromising, rewarding and ultimately, eye-opening.

Philadelphia is a city that is distinctly heterogeneous. Buildings appear segmented, even aloof, from each other. On the one hand, the neoclassical architecture harks as a reminder of the past, intent on maintaining the memories of patriots pursuing independence. Meanwhile, symbols of the capitalist advance – the leaden, towering skyscrapers – juxtapose these cultural ancients. Coexisting, they both brim and bore, at times seemingly conflicting between a steely desire for progress and a poignant nostalgia to preserve.

The relationship between the city and its inhabitants is equally stark. Strolling through downtown Philadelphia, one gets the sense of witnessing differing Americas at once. While the walking rich executive overlaps with the homeless man sleeping down the railway station, they’re seemingly invisible to each other. A divide manifests itself. This situation is not merely the product of successes’ stature but the failure to acknowledge.

Yet these unique characteristics, in a way, disappear in the context of Pennsylvania as the next nominating state. Instead, attention is lavished on numbers. Polls – a snapshot of voter sentiment – have suggested that Obama’s campaign confronts challenges in winning over certain demographics, specifically women and blue-collar workers. What these numbers don’t capture is the industrious, heartfelt effort a political campaign invests, especially when in concert to solve this divide.

Located in downtown Philadelphia, Obama’s campaign headquarters is easily accessible. But its strategic placement isn’t its only strength. The large number of volunteers traveling in from around the country is arguably another reason for the candidate’s increasing poll numbers. “No other university in the country [at that time] had more interns than UC Davis at the Obama for America Office in Philadelphia,” Ryan Loney, the UC Davis Students for Barack Obama co-coordinator, proudly remarked.

Most critically, however, there is a fundamental, multi-process system. A clear organizational order is in place. Roles are outlined. Phases are systematic. Outreach, whether through phone persuasion, voter registration drives or on-the-street retail campaigning, is conducted. Databases containing voters’ details are collected and updated, thereby enabling the maintenance of frequent, constant contact. The expectations are clarified, performed, accomplished and exceeded.

Moreover, this system doesn’t merely encourage active voter participation. It strives to develop leadership. A new generation of leaders, groomed to foster involvement in their respective communities, are sought. Internships provide opportunities to promote a more active engagement in the political process. It helps volunteers grow as people and leaders.

For the interns, the enthusiastic reception towards these programs is palpable. “I was surprised at how many people actually flew out to Philadelphia to springtern,” Josie Alioto, a UC Davis senior, noted. And that despite the grueling early morning to midnight schedule, where, as Josie further added, many “gave up [their] spring breaks to work 14 hour days.”

Collectively, this process is empowering.

“On March 24, we hit the streets with thousands of volunteers to register voters in Pennsylvania. At the end of the day, we registered about 11,000 voters across the state,” Ryan noted, a testament to the volunteers’ success in facilitating the democratic process.

Philadelphia is a city that lives within itself and with its people. It celebrates a rich tradition while striving to compound a unique heritage. It represents America in its past, its present and its promise. For all the electoral fervor that is brewing, the significance of the place, and problems, shouldn’t be lost.

 

Springterns don’t get paid, but ZACH HAN always welcomes donations. You can do that by reachinghim at zklhan@ucdavis.edu.

The war on hugs

0

Elliot Spitzer is an idiot. But not because the former governor of New York paid upwards of $4,000 for two hours of “relaxation therapy” with a 22-year-old failed musician. That makes him a selfish prick. No, Elliot Spitzer is an idiot because he got caught.

That said, I don’t think what Mr. Spitzer and Miss Swallows did was inherently wrong.

I’ve used a loaded word there: wrong. Right and wrong are brought up in politics far too often for my liking. Rather than evaluate things on their effects, many people simply denote things as right and wrong, entirely disregarding context.

But context matters. Is smoking pot right or wrong? Well, is the person in question a doctor on call, a patient on chemotherapy or a kid on a couch with a bag of Funyuns and the complete first season of Aqua Teen Hunger Force?

What about paying for sex? Well, is the prostitute safe? Are both people disease free? Does the John have a family?

The point is that context determines if an action is good, bad or neutral for those involved. That’s why I don’t buy the whole morality bid; it’s based on the premise that context is irrelevant.

But it’s not, and the simple fact is that things like prostitution and marijuana, while dangerous in some circumstances, are not always so. And really, these things are happening regardless.

In 2004, 8 percent of Americans (15 percent of men, 1 percent of women) had paid for sex. As with most illegal activities, prostitution’s status has driven it underground and made it more dangerous. But if we legalized and regulated it, we could mitigate much of the abuse, disease and stigmatization these women experience.

Marijuana is also being used despite it being illegal. (SURPRISE!) In 2007, 47 percent of all Americans and 41.8 percent of 18-year-olds admitted to smoking pot. So when people talk about waging a war on drugs, they’re really waging a war on themselves and their own children. (Oh, and according to a report by Harvard economics professor Jeffrey Miron, legalizing and taxing pot would add between $10.1 billion and $13.9 billion annually to America’s bottom line.)

Marijuana could also be brought safely into the legal realm, but a quick comparison between it and alcohol reveals why it hasn’t been. Alcohol kills thousands of people and ruins millions more, but it’s legal because production is monopolized by corporations, and that makes a few other people (John McCain’s wife) very rich. That’s tough to do with pot; if it were legal, people would just grow their own, and corporations would be left out in the cold. Since the rich can’t get richer off it, you can’t have it.

But this obscures the larger point. Elliot Spitzer was forced to resign as governor, but for what? For living the American dream. He got rich, he got powerful, he got laid. It happens. All this issue does is distract from the far more serious conflicts of interest in government today.

So while Elliot Spitzer is now disgraced from public life, another man, Dick Stickler, is still around. Stickler is the head of the Mine Safety and Health Administration, which is the federal agency charged with protecting America’s 320,000 miners from corporate negligence. Funny thing is, Dick Stickler, who was rejected by a Republican controlled congress twice and had to be put in charge by Bush in a recess appointment, was a mining executive at Bethlehem Steel before he was made the mining industry’s head regulator. From 1989 until he retired in 1996, his mines had an accident rate more than double the national average in six of the eight years (triple in 1995). And in his current role, Stickler has overseen the largest percentage increase in mining fatalities in over a century.

Stickler now “regulates” an industry full of his most trusted colleagues and allies, who spent years together lining their pockets at the expense of the law by neglecting maintenance, mine safety and worker health. It appears he has not changed his tune. And yet Dick Stickler will never be pressured to resign, or even questioned by the media, for this fatal conflict of interest.

Never, that is, until he bangs his secretary.

 

K.C. CODY really doesn’t understand how politicians survive with names like Dick Stickler. Tell him something he does understand at kccody@ucdavis.edu.

Daily Calendar

0

TODAY

 

Summer abroad enrollment day

Noon to 4 p.m.

Education Abroad Center, corner of Third and A streets

Secure your spot in a summer study abroad program and get extensions for important forms by visiting the EAC. Enrollment is first-come, first-served. The last day to enroll is Friday by 5 p.m.

 

Emerson Jr. High carnival

4 to 10 p.m.

14 Cannery Park St.

Help the Emerson Junior High School PTA raise funds for the school! Rides can be purchased individually and day passes are $25 at the door. Day passes are available for $20 at Carousel Stationary and Gifts at 706 Second St.

 

Chemistry Club meeting

5 p.m.

281 Chemistry

Those interested in participating in the Picnic Day magic show should attend this practice session.

 

Trivia night

5:30 to 7:30 p.m.

Silo Café and Pub

Show off your knowledge of random factoids!

 

Math Café

6 to 8 p.m.

Scholars’ Center Study Room, Surge IV

Get a good serving of mathematics at this weekly tutoring session with the Women’s Resources and Research Center. Women and men are both welcome.

 

Sigma Mu Delta barbeque night

7 p.m.

Chaparral Lounge, 2689 Sycamore Lane

Get to know the brothers of this pre-health fraternity over ribs.

 

Chi Delta Theta social night

7 p.m.

Silo Cabernet Room

Check out this spring rush event, “Get Energized.”

 

Green Party meeting

7 p.m.

Davis Branch Library, 315 E. 14th St.

Discuss decisions made at the state meeting and local candidates with other Greens!

 

Willow Project bowling fundraiser

7 to 9 p.m.

Memorial Union Games Area

Support this student-run health clinic that serves the homeless population of Sacramento! Get unlimited bowling, billiards, arcade games and refreshments with admission of $15 general/$12 UCD student.

 

Black Campus Ministries meeting

7:30 p.m.

158 Olson

Join together with other students in fellowship and worship.

 

FRIDAY

 

Raptor Center field trip

8:30 a.m.

California Raptor Center

Join the CRC for a wildlife hike highlighting the raptors of Yolo County! Call 752-9994 to reserve a spot by telephone message.

 

California Indian basket weaving

Noon to 1 p.m.

3201 Hart

Learn about basket weaving at this Native American Culture Days presentation by Kathy Wallace.

 

Emerson Jr. High carnival

4 to 11 p.m.

14 Cannery Park St.

Help the Emerson Junior High School PTA raise funds for the school! Rides can be purchased individually and day passes are $25 at the door. Day passes are available for $20 at Carousel Stationary and Gifts at 706 Second St.

 

Summer abroad enrollment deadline

5 p.m.

Education Abroad Center, corner of Third and A streets

Secure your spot in a summer study abroad program and get extensions for important forms by visiting the EAC. Enrollment is first-come, first-served. The last day to enroll is Friday by 5 p.m.

 

Native American sunset ceremony

6:30 to 9 p.m.

Putah Creek Lodge

This ceremony closes Native American Culture Days and will feature Pomo dancers. Refreshments provided.

 

Film screening

7 p.m.

1322 Storer

Watch Against the Grain, a film about free-thinking Peruvian artists.

 

Whole Earth Festival Benefit Dance Party

8 p.m. to midnight

Delta of Venus, 122 B St.

DJs Tao, Kelly D, NDemik and Ian Lesperance will have your feet tapping all night long. Donations of $3 to $5 suggested.

 

SATURDAY

 

Emerson Jr. High carnival

11 a.m. to 11 p.m.

14 Cannery Park St.

Help the Emerson Junior High School PTA raise funds for the school! Rides can be purchased individually and day passes are $25 at the door. Day passes are available for $20 at Carousel Stationary and Gifts at 706 Second St.

 

To receive placement in the AGGIE DAILY CALENDAR, e-mail dailycal@californiaaggie.com or stop by 25 Lower Freeborn by noon the day prior to your event. Due to space constraints, all event descriptions are subject to editing, and priority will be given to events that are free of charge and geared toward the campus community.

Editorial: CAT progress

0

The city of Davis’ Climate Action Team recently completed an inventory regarding the city’s greenhouse gas emissions. In the study, it was revealed that 225,200 equivalent tons of carbon dioxide were emitted in 1990. If conditions remained constant, the city would produce 313,006 tons of emissions by 2015, according to the study.

While the numbers themselves are not encouraging, where the emissions are coming from is actually a positive.

According to the CAT inventory, transportation accounted for 57 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in Davis in 1990. This number is, in a sense, both promising and discouraging. The fact that over 100,000 tons of emissions were released by transportation alone is certainly an issue, but it’s an issue that we as a community can resolve. Davis’ public transportation system and bicycle-oriented landscape means there’s little need to drive a personal car from place to place. Additional changes to infrastructure could further promote alternative transportation methods and a diminished reliance on personal automobiles.

The other 43 percent of emissions come from the residential and commercial sectors. By subsidizing local businesses, the city of Davis could help these entities to operate in a more environmentally friendly manner. CAT should expand its staff in order to offer consulting services to local businesses. UC Davis experts can be valuable consulting resources as well.

Another service that could help out members of the community would be to state exactly what kind of impact releasing 225,200 tons of greenhouse gases has on the environment. That number itself does not mean a whole lot to the average person, and further insight would increase awareness and concern.

Despite producing just 3 percent of the city’s emissions, the city government plans to lead by example in this effort, said Councilmember Stephen Souza. The city of Davis’ initiative is positive and is the first step of many that could ultimately eliminate some of the city’s emission problems.

“It Only Takes a Minute” campaign to raise child abuse prevention awareness

0

On Apr. 1, the Yolo County Board of Supervisors commenced Child Abuse Prevention Month with Yolo County’s participation in the statewide campaign against child abuse.

Prevent Child Abuse California’s “It Only Takes a Minute – to Make a Difference in a Child’s Life” campaign aims to raise awareness about child abuse in the Yolo County area.

Child abuse, including neglect, is the third highest issue statewide behind education and health care, said Danielle Mole, program manager for Legislative Affairs at Prevent Child Abuse California.

“The point of this is to raise awareness of child abuse issues at each county level,” Mole said.

First 5 Yolo is a sponsor of “It Only Takes a Minute.” Statewide polling results from their 2007 Community Needs Assessment report found child abuse is a high priority issue, but few know how they can help. Child abuse was closely related to parents who were substance abusers and involved in the welfare system.

“Eighty to 85 percent of children who had moved from the home for abuse or neglect were children who were from parents with substance abuse problems,” said Julie Gallelo, executive director of First 5 Yolo.

Major disadvantages of being a foster parent are that child care is not covered, and Yolo County does not have enough foster parents. Children often get sent out of the county, which presents difficulty in visitation rights with parents, Gallelo said.

Yolo County’s child abuse situation is worse than California’s as a whole, she added.

According to the Yolo County Children’s Alliance and Child Abuse Prevention Council Fact Sheet, Yolo County has the same proportional rate of reports for child abuse cases as the whole of California. In comparison to California, which had 109,463 (11.4 percent) substantiated cases in 2006, Yolo County reported 599 substantiated cases (12.5 percent). In addition, of those substantiated cases in Yolo County, 40.7 percent reenter the child welfare system, whereas the reentry rate for California is 32.9 percent.

“As adults, we are always so busy, and children just want a moment to show us a picture they’ve drawn or to speak to them in a calm voice. We are so stressed, and it comes out when we talk to children,” said Lori Aldrete, from ACS Quantum, the public relations firm for the campaign. “The point of the campaign is to put that message out there – if you are taking care of a child, it just takes a minute to encourage them. That feedback from an adult makes them feel good about themselves and valued in our lives.”

Events throughout April will promote child abuse prevention, including Wednesday’s Kids Day at the West Steps of the Capitol building.

The theme was “father involvement,” and the event featured speakers, interactive activities for children, a van with free immunization for children, vans teaching kids about dental hygiene and booths providing information for parents, Mole said.

“One of the good things about the campaign this year is that it has a positive focus. It does get you in the gut and the heart,” Gallelo said. “We focus in on parenting aspects. It only takes a minute to praise your child, help your child or look your child in the eye. That really forms a bond between parents and children and prevents abuse and neglect.”

Events include Día de los Niños on Apr.25 from 3 to 7 p.m. at Fern’s Park in Woodland. For more information, call 666-8227.

Apr. 26 is Winters Youth Day, featuring a rotary pancake breakfast, street fair and parade. For more information, call 795-2329. The Yolo County Child Development Conference is also Apr. 26 from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. at Veterans Memorial Center in Davis. Call 757-5695 for more information.

 

POOJA KUMAR can be reached at city@californiaaggie.com.

UCD Psychologists test memory’s precision

0

Researchers at UC Davis recently published a study on the short-term “working memory.” Professor of psychology Steven Luck and postdoctoral researcher Weiwei Zhang at the UC Davis Center for Mind and Brain found that adults store a limited number of high resolution images in the “working memory.”

The brain uses working memory to piece together sensory information and store it. Instead of storing many fuzzy images, Luck and Zhang found that the working memory stores a fixed number of high resolution images for a few seconds.

“The capacity of working memory is so limited, you have to be careful what is stored in working memory,” Luck said.

They found that this system of limited storage cuts down on useless information, or visual “noise.” Easily compared to a digital camera, the “working memory” uses up valuable space when saving these high resolution images, but unlike a camera, the visual memory cannot be set to save a greater number of fuzzier images.

Zhang designed the experiment used to test the working memory of adults. The researchers showed subjects a pattern of colored squares for one-tenth of a second. The subjects were then asked to click the colors of the squares by clicking on areas of a color wheel. The accuracy of the colors showed the precision of the test subject’s working memory.

“High resolution would mean how precise the colors are,” Zhang said.

Luck and Zhang worked with UC Davis psychology professor Lisa Oakes, who tested the working memories of infants. Oakes compared the space for high resolution images as a limited number of “slots,” and she wanted to know whether infants have the same system of slots.

“We are trying to understand what kind of working memory babies have,” Oakes said.

In one test, Oakes showed infants movies of objects changing and movies where the objects stayed the same. Oakes said that if there is a reaction to a change in environment, this shows the presence of a working memory.

As an example, Oakes said if a baby is looking at its mother as the mother smiles, but then the baby closes its eyes and mother is frowning when the baby looks back, a reaction in the baby proves that the previous smile was stored in the working memory.

Though the infants could not offer the same feedback as adults by talking or clicking a screen, Oakes used the infants’ eye movements to track their reactions.

“With infants, we rely on how long they look at things,” Oakes said.

Another test had infants look at a colored square briefly and then look at another square that sometimes was a different color. Oakes found that the infants looked at the squares longer when they were different from the previous color.

“Babies, like adults, can remember the colors of objects,” Oakes said.

That the infants noticed the difference between the two squares shows that information is stored in our working memory early in life.

Oakes also found that the precision of working memory increased noticeably between six and 10 months old. At six months old, most infants could only remember the color of one square they were shown, but between 10 and 12 months old, they would remember two to three squares. Adults tested could recall three or four squares.

Not everyone has the same level resolution in the working memory. Luck and Zhang found that people who could save more in the working memory had a better ability to solve new problems and keep track of objects out of view, an ability called “fluid intelligence.” Working memory is also used for processes like adding a string of numbers.

The research was conducted three years ago at the University of Iowa – before either researcher came to UC Davis – and the paper was published online in the journal Nature on Apr. 2. Grants from The National Institute of Mental Health supported the research.

Luck and Zhang will soon test the system of working memory in subjects with schizophrenia.

 

MADELINE McCURRY SCHMIDT can be reached at campus@californiaaggie.com.XXX

UC Davis students awarded Goldwater scholarships

0

On Mar. 31, three out of four UC Davis nominees were awarded the prestigious Barry M. Goldwater Scholarships for excellence in the fields of science, mathematics and engineering.

Helen Craig, Scott Himmelberger and Alexander Sutherland were three of 18 California residents to be awarded the scholarship. Of the UCs, Davis had the most awarded, with UC Santa Barbara boasting two recipients and UC Berkeley and Santa Cruz trailing behind with one recipient each.

“The one- and two-year scholarships cover the cost of tuition, fees, books and room and board up to a maximum of $7,500 per year,” said Gerald Smith, president and a founding member of the institution.

“The scholarship is a steppingstone to very prestigious fellowship programs,” Smith said. “Of the approximately 6,000 Goldwater scholar recipients, 67 went on to earn Rhodes scholarships and close to 90 have earned Marshall scholarships,” Smith said.

“It is nice to be recognized for all of the effort I have been putting into my studies,” said Himmelberger, a sophomore chemical engineering major.

“Receiving this award has just confirmed in my mind that I am doing something meaningful that will be valuable and beneficial to society,” said Himmelberger, who plans to get a doctorate in chemical engineering.

The award is specifically geared toward people pursuing careers in research fields. Himmelberger is currently aiding Professor Adam Moule, assistant professor in the chemical engineering and materials science department, in researching the applications of organic solar cells.

Sutherland, a junior chemistry major, was awarded the scholarship for his research into the application of nanotechnology in green chemistry.

“It takes money off my mind,” Sutherland said, “which is a big factor. This allows me to concentrate more on my studies. It’s a nice encouragement to keep going in the science field. It’s kind of like dangling the carrot.”

Sutherland, Himmelberger and Craig were threeout of 321 Goldwater Scholars, selected from a final pool of 1,035, according to Goldwater’s website.

All three have current goals of attaining a doctorate in their respective fields. Sutherland and Himmelberger expressed a desire to become professors at the collegiate level in order to continue their research.

“My ultimate goal right now would be to become a professor, teach and do research” said Sutherland.

Craig, a physics and mathematics double major, has a career goal of a Ph.D. in physics followed by work as a research scientist in computation physics and condensed matter theory, according to a press release.

Carrie Devine, Davis Honors Challenge counselor and campus Prestigious National Scholarships and Fellowships coordinator, was responsible for coordinating the recruitment of the applicants and assisting via feedback in the formal application process.

“Every year, we have awesomely qualified applicants, and it’s a highly competitive national competition,” Devine said. “It’s disappointing that everyone can’t be acknowledged. All four nominees are outstanding,promising scientists.”

Smith echoed these sentiments, “If we had twice the amount of money, we’d select twice as many candidates.”

“The caliber of students being selected is so good that the panelists are having a hard time differentiating,” Smith said, regarding the increasing number of Goldwater scholarships awarded each year.

Goldwater scholars are not obligated to pay back any portion of the money if they do not pursue a career in their designated field.

227 of the scholars are science and related majors, 52 majoring in engineering, and nine in computer sciences.

“It was a really long application process,” Himmelberger said. “It was like applying to college all over again.”

Goldwater has a current goal of fundraising to increase the number of scholarships offered and the compiling of a database to provide statistics on the current occupations of the 6,000 former Goldwater Scholars.

CHARLES HINRIKSSON can be reached at campus@californiaaggie.com.

Decline in African American and Hispanic graduation rates

0

The national average graduation rate of African American and Hispanic students has decreased significantly in the last 30 years, according to a recent study conducted by Michal Kurlaender, an associate professor of education at UC Davis.

According to the study, the number of graduating African Americans in 2004 dropped 33 percent, while the Hispanic student graduation rate dropped 34 percent nationally. The increase in dropout rates has grown in tandem with an enduring increase in enrollment to college by minority groups overall.

Kurlaender said that there are several possibilities for this phenomenon.

“There are many reasons for [students] to drop out: They may find employment that is more lucrative, have no taste for school or find they aren’t good at it,” Kurlaender said.

Kurlaender also cites that some students may experience a lack of preparation due to a misalignment between high school academics and the intensity of college coursework, as well as financial constraints due to rising tuition fees. All of these factors may contribute directly to the dropout rate of minorities in college, who are more likely to come from low-income families and may be dependent on financial aid. She stressed that these reasons are not mutually exclusive.

However, Kurlaender said that this is a national average and is not specific to the UC system.

“More selective institutions have much higher completion rates on average,” Kurlaender said. “UC schools draw from the top 12 percent of the state.”

The total graduation rate for students receiving their bachelor’s degree in 2004 was 44 percent of students in four years, 77 percent in five years and 81 percent in six years, according to tabulations from the Integrated Post-Secondary Data System of the National Center for Education Statistics.

UC Davis African American students experienced a growth in graduation rates between 1996 and 1999, followed by a sharp decrease in 2000 that has persisted to the present, according to the Retention of Undergraduates of UC Davis 1995-2004 report released by Student Affairs Research and Information. The same document reports that the graduation rate of UC Davis Hispanic students has remained constant.

“It’s not that these students are less able, but they may be dealing with external factors,” said Brian Macapinlac, a student director at the Student Retention and Recruitment Center – a student run program that works to promote academic achievement while raising political and cultural awareness in the UC Davis community.

Macapinlac, a senior neurobiology, physiology and behavior major, said many minority students who use the SRRC services come from less affluent families. As a result, they often work during college while dealing with family pressures. In addition, the UC Davis institution does not promote integration into the system, which leaves many students feeling estranged and unsupported through fiscal and academic uncertainty.

“That’s one of the biggest things we are trying to combat,” he said. “The university is ‘cold.’ Independent centers such as the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Resource Center, Women’s Center and others are not enough.”

Kurlaender agreed that lack of institutional support might be a factor.

“Students may feel they’re not getting support from the institution,” she said. “Those involved in social activities and research apprenticeships are more likely to persist in college.”

The research conducted by Kurlaender and co-author Erika Felts, a UC Davis graduate student of sociology, will appear as a chapter of the book Realizing Bakke’s Legacy, which is scheduled for release in June 2008.

 

RITA SIMERLY can be reached at campus@californiaaggie.com.

The process behind female egg donation: part one

0

Editor’s note: In the first half of this two-part series about female egg donation, the pros and cons of giving eggs are weighed against each other and the process itself is discussed. The second part of this series, where an individual’s firsthand accounts of going through the procedure are presented, will be in The Aggie next Wednesday.

 

For college students, the “help wanted” section in newspapers screams easy money. Sometimes, the offer is enough to afford a movie, but on rare instances, it can pay for the majority of a year’s worth of college tuition.

If you open up Friday’s copy of The California Aggie, there will be a posting that says “compensation $5,000-8,000” for female egg donors. It seems like a pot of gold, but how easily attainable is it?

 

Help Wanted

Fertility clinics have been posting ads in college newspapers for years asking for healthy female egg donors. The amount of money varies, but usually, the donor is compensated above $5,000 for her time and effort.

Della Duncan, a sophomore international relations and sociology double major, has been considering donating her eggs since she was 16 years old. She first learned about egg donation while reading a magazine article about women becoming donors to put themselves through college.

“From the get-go I thought ‘that’s amazing,'” Duncan said. “It makes sense. I’m a healthy person and live a healthy lifestyle. I don’t have any genetic disorders. They want people with higher education and I’m in college. It’s very doable for someone in my position.”

Fertility clinics want to make their donor pool as appealing as possible, meaning that they have a range of donors – from married mothers to college-aged females. However, attractiveness, education and health are the main considerations when recipient couples look for donors, said Denise M. Koenes, clinic administrator for Northern California Fertility Medical center.

There’s a reason why donors are so well compensated.

“You have to stop your life for a period of time to go through all of the treatment process,” Koenes said. “It’s a large commitment.”

 

Blood Work, Hormones and Needles, Oh My!

At age 18, Duncan tried to sign up for egg donation, but most clinics wanted her to be at least 21 years old. In general, fertility clinics ask that their donors be within a certain age range. Donors for California IVF, the Davis Fertility Center and the Northern California Fertility Medical center have to be between 21 and 31 years of age.

Is the compensation too good to be true? Not quite, but it is too good to be easy. The reason egg donors make more money than sperm donors is because the process is much more complicated and invasive, Koenes said.

Although individual fertility practices vary, there is a general outline of what egg donors go through. First off, to donate eggs, the donor has to take several psychological evaluations and medical screenings to determine if she meets all requirements for donation.

“Many women who volunteer don’t get past this part,” Koenes said. “They smoke, they could be outside the age range … and you have to get picked. Somebody has to want you.”

Afterwards, the hormonal treatments begin. The donor is put through a series of hormonal injections that stimulate the ovaries, which makes it possible to produce many mature eggs in a single cycle. Throughout the entire procedure, the donor can receive up to 60 injections from blood draws and medications. Koenes describes the side effects of these injections as “PMS-ing to the max.”

During retrieval, the donor is sedated and the eggs are retrieved by guiding a hollow needle through the wall of the vagina and into the ovaries.

The hormones being injected into your body do have side effects and carry the possibility of larger complications, but that’s why Koenes advises that donors should not donate more than three to four cycles a year.

Judith Reitan, a lecturer in the UC Davis Department of Human and Community Development and a registered nurse, advises women to be cautious.

“The woman has to take powerful hormones to stimulate multiple egg ovulation,” explained Reitan in an e-mail interview. “These hormones cause fairly severe emotional ups and downs, nausea, weight gain and hyperstimulation of the ovary is not without some small risk.… Some say infertility, but most fertility clinics dispute this.”

However, Duncan does not see the potential side affects as a problem.

“I can get over that,” she said. “People do this and it’s been done before. I think it would be one thing where I’d want to try at least once.”

But unlike Duncan, her friends and family have some concerns.

“The worst case scenario would be I would not be able to have a kid.” Duncan pauses for a second then laughs. “How ironic would that be?”

 

Oh Baby

The slight smell of bitter coffee floats through the waiting room of the Northern California Fertility Medical Center. It’s like most medical clinic waiting areas – relatively quiet, with beige, white and other non-abrasive colors covering the walls and floor. There’s nothing spectacularly different about this place. Who’d have guessed the clinic would be in the business of babies?

The patients who walk in the doors are either hoping to become parents or helping these dreams come true. These medical centers use processes that deal with scientific creation of life, a subject that always comes with its own ethical concerns.

First-year Nia Hajenga is open to the idea of donating her eggs. However, she does have some questions.

“It would be kind of weird to have children who shared our genes,” she said. “Does it make them your baby? A relative?”

Duncan isn’t worried about that idea.

“I don’t feel like it’s my child because it was a child I wasn’t going to have,” she said. “It’s just an egg, it’s the opportunity.”

One question she does have, however, is whether she wants it to be anonymous or have the family be able to meet her.

“I think it would be great if it was a wonderful family who chose me, and then I got to know them and then they had a child that was wonderful,” she said. “But what if it was a family who I didn’t feel was capable to raise the child? I would just feel so guilty.… I would actually feel that ‘my child’ was in the wrong hands.”

Another concern is whether the donation process itself is morally wrong.

“I personally think that this is, in effect, paying money for a child,” Reitan said. In most countries it is illegal to pay women for their eggs. In advertising in college newspapers, I believe that they are taking advantage of people who may be needing money and… are fairly ignorant about what is involved, as well as being young and thinking that nothing bad will happen to them. However, for the clinics, it is a good place to advertise because college women are, for the most part, young, intelligent, healthy donors.”

Tiffany Johnson, a junior human development major, has thought about doing the procedure. She only hesitates because she and her husband are thinking of having children.

“I’ve donated my hair before,” she said. “It’s a part of your body you’re not going to use at the moment. You’re not going to need them.”

There are many ethical and personal questions that donors should ask themselves before considering such a risky procedure, including the strengths of their motives, whether they are altruistic, monetary, or both.

“I honestly think the cost is worth it,” Duncan said. “You are benefiting a family that does not have children and wants children. You’re giving them a gift, and we can. We are physically, emotionally and mentally capable for this, so why not?”

 

APPLE LOVELESS can be reached at features@californiaaggie.com. 

 

 

 

Recession or just a low? Weighing in on the nation’s economic downturn

Employment opportunities are shrinking, food and gas prices are rising, houses are being foreclosed and banks have stopped their liberal lending policies. Does this mean our economy is in a recession, that daunting word that strikes fear in the hearts of the government and consumers alike? Not necessarily. Does the Federal Reserve System, the central bank of the United States, have a plan to help stimulate the economy beyond a temporary fix? Only time will tell, say economists.

First of all, it must be noted that recession has a complicated definition, and can only be officially announced by the National Bureau of Economic Research, said Kevin Salyer, professor of economics at UC Davis, in an e-mail interview.

“A rule of thumb definition is two quarters (6 months) of negative GDP growth,” Salyer said. “We are not technically in a recession yet (but some economists believe we are … and today’s jobs data suggests that they might be correct).”

According to the National Bureau of Economic Research’s website, a recession is a significant decline in activity spread over the economy, and can be seen in industrial production, employment, real income and wholesale-retail trade. The economy naturally rises and falls in highs and lows, and a recession begins just after a peak of activity and ends when the economy reaches its trough. As of yet, the bureau has not officially announced that the economy is a recession.

There are many causes for economic downturns, but the current decline can be mostly attributed to the housing markets, said Thomas Mayer, professor emeritus at UC Davis, whose specialty is monetary economics and macroeconomics.

“It’s the result of prices having been too high, having to come down, and the financial system taking excessive risk,” said Mayer. Another consequence of the downturn is the loss of trust in financial decision making, he said.

Salyer also agrees that the current economic fall can be blamed on the housing market.

“The current situation seems to be primarily caused by the fall in housing prices and the resulting increase in foreclosures which is causing housing prices to fall even further,” Salyer said.

The resulting dip in revenue from the housing market has several consequences, Salyer said. One is that since individual household wealth lowers, consumer spending is therefore negatively affected. Another is that lenders are not being repaid by homeowners, so banks and other financial institutions do not have enough money to make more loans to businesses, individuals and other banks.

These results cause a cyclical aggravation of the economic downturn, because they all build upon each other and negatively affect employment.

“The resulting credit crunch is exacerbating the fall in aggregate demand due to households,” Salyer said. “All of these factors will then result in a fall in labor demand which will cause unemployment to rise.”

To help quell the downturn, the Federal Reserve has been lowering lenders’ interest rates and has taken unprecedented lending actions to banking sectors, said Salyer.

“They have started lending directly to securities dealers and relaxed the types of assets that they will accept as collateral for these loans,” Salyer said.

The federal government, too, has their own plan to help turn the economy around. Depending on eligibility, millions of Americans will receive a refund check ranging from $300 to over $1,200 under the Economic Stimulus Plan, according cnn.com. The government is hoping that the checks will boost consumer spending and aid in the reversal of the economy’s current path. However, economists and citizens alike are skeptical of how well the plan will work.

“I don’t understand how the stimulus checks are supposed to help in the long run,” said Samantha Leseney, a senior sociology major at UC Santa Barbara. “Six hundred dollars is not going to go very far in our society, so what are they going to do when, and if, people spend their money and then run out again?”

“The end of a recession will not materialize with an over-stimulated economy,” said Mayer. “We do not know enough at this time to forecast the economy adequately.”

Salyer thinks that the stimulus checks will have more of an influence on people’s mentality than anything else.

“It might provide some psychological affect that the government is doing something to avert a recession, but the affect on consumption demand will not be enough to offset the influences of unemployment, uncertainty due to the liquidity crisis and housing foreclosures on aggregate demand,” Salyer said.

Only time can tell when the economy will turn itself around, but the public should not be too discouraged by the current lapse in the economy’s progress. Though the Fed is trying to help by lowering interest rates and the government is handing out checks to help stimulate consumption, the economy cannot have a boom without having a fall.

 

JACQUELYN FLATT can be reached at science@ucdavis.edu. XXX

 

Beyond the Small Talk

 

Name: Donald Benner

Year: Senior

Major: Mechanical engineering

 

How did you choose your major?

I wanted to be able to apply math and science, and I know that you had many more options with an engineering degree than you did with a math or physics degree.

 

What advice would you give to students in your major?

No matter how well you did in math/science classes in high school, you will have to put a lot more effort into your engineering classes to succeed. Also, lower division math and engineering classes are designed to be very hard – take them for what they are.

 

Out of all the classes you have taken at UC Davis, which are your favorite?What are/were they about?

EME 50 and EME 163. EME 50 was manufacturing processes and you actually get to work in the machine shop on things you design. EME 163 was experimental combustion engine design, and you learn about hybrids and biodiesel and it’s a very informative class.

 

Are you involved in any research currently? If so, can you tell us a little about what it is about?

No, but there are plenty of opportunities on campus to work individually with professors. I strongly encourage everyone take advantage of these.

 

What activities or groups are you involved with? What are they like?

I’ve been on the UCD Bowling Sport Club team for four years. Some of my most memorable experiences from the last four years are because of the bowling team, like taking third in the National Championships last year.

 

What are a few things you want to do in your lifetime, and why?

Travel the world, retire from a successful career and have a family.

 

Please describe one or two interesting facts about yourself.

I drove a 1956 Chevrolet Nomad in high school.

 

What new scientific discoveries do you think will be made within your lifetime?

Hopefully a sustainable energy source and ways to stop the symptoms of cancer and AIDS.

 

Why do you think you exist?

I don’t really think about that too much right now – too busy trying to finish up design projects and find a job.

 

If you had to be any other living organism, what would you be and why?

A cat. All I’d have to do all day is eat and sleep. It’d be great.

 

Know someone doing something interesting in the sciences? Let us know at science@californiaaggie.com.

 

Upcoming Seminars

Today

“Determining the Mechanism of Transmission of Xyellla fastidiosa by Sharpshooters”

Elaine Backus

122 Briggs, noon to 1 p.m.

Sponsored by the entomology department

 

“Cling Peach Mechanization – Chapter 2: Thinning, and the Rest of the Story”

Kitren Glozer

3001 Plant and Environmental Sciences, 12:10 to 1 p.m.

Sponsored by the plant sciences department

 

“Seeing In The Dark”

Timothy Ferris

ARC Ballroom, 7:30 to 9 p.m.

Sponsored by the College of Letters and Science Dean’s Office

 

Thursday, Apr. 10

“The Wine Industry”

Robert Smiley

International House, 11:30 to 1 p.m.

Sponsored by the UC Davis Emeriti Association, UC Davis Retirees’Association

 

“Butterfly Eyespots, Evo-Devo and Exploring Morphospace”

Paul Brakefield

2 Wellman, 4:30 to 5 p.m.

Sponsored by the College of Biological Sciences, et al.

 

“Structural Studies of the Insulin Receptor and Muscle-Specific Kinase (MuSK)”

Stevan Hubbard

1022 Life Sciences, 4:10 to 5 p.m.

Sponsored by the College of Biological Sciences, et al.

 

Friday, Apr. 11

“The Role of Population Ecology in Improving Our Management of Reintroduced Populations”

Doug Armstrong

1204 Haring, 11 a.m. to 12:15 p.m.

Sponsored by the department of wildlife, fish and conservation biology

 

“A Unique Model for Ag Biotech Companies”

Roger Salameh

1022 Life Sciences, 11 a.m. to noon

Sponsored by the Biotechnology Program

 

“The Challenge of Using mTOR Inhibitors in Therapy”

Paramita Ghosh

1005 Genome and Biomedical Sciences, 12:10 to 1 p.m.

Sponsored by the department of medical microbiology and immunology of the School of Medicine

 

Monday, Apr. 14

“Biophysical Studies of Virus Particles and Their Maturation: Insights into Elegantly Programmed Nano-machines”

Jack Johnson

115 Hutchison, 12:10 to 1 p.m.

Sponsored by the plant pathology department

 

“Nutrition Hormone Interactions in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome”

Siddika Kasim-Karakas

1309 Surge III, 4:10 to 5 p.m.

Sponsored by the nutrition department

 

“Islands as Model Systems for Human Ecodynamics”

Patrick Kirch

184 Young, 4:10 to 6 p.m.

Sponsored by the anthropology department

 

Tuesday, Apr. 15

“Empires and Diasporas”

Maya Jasanoff

2203 Social Sciences and Humanities, noon to 1:30 p.m.

Sponsored by the Center for History, Society and Culture

 

“Dynamics of Adhesion-Receptor Interactions – Lessons From H. Pylori”

Thomas Boren

California National Primate Research Center Seminar Hall, noon to 1 p.m.

Sponsored by the Center for Comparative Medicine

 

More seminars can be found at calendar.ucdavis.edu. If you want to have a seminar published here, email us at science@californiaaggie.com. XXX

 

Science Scene

Leading physicists say “God particle” soon to be found

Forty years ago, British physicist Peter Higgs argued that there was a force that gave mass to the universe, enabling life to exist. From this invisible force, named the Higgs field, comes a particle called the Higgs boson. Now, as a particle accelerator in Geneva is nearly ready to begin functioning in May, Higgs says he is 90 percent sure that the particle will be found.

CERN, or the European Organization for Nuclear Research, has built the world’s largest particle accelerator, called the Large Hadron Collider. The underground accelerator, approximately 16 miles long, will accelerate protons close to the speed of light in order to answer questions about the composition of the universe and how it came to be. At four intersection points, the particles will collide at speeds that have never yet been reached, which scientists hope will mimic the conditions of the Big Bang.

Today, the Higgs field is generally accepted by scientists and is thought to have come into existence milliseconds after the Big Bang, which occurred around 15 billion years ago. Higgs came up with the theory to explain why matter loses its mass as it is broken into smaller pieces. He postulated that at the instant of the Big Bang, matter was massless, but that it became heavy as it stuck to a field.

Higgs cautioned that the “God particle,” a nickname which displeases atheist Higgs, might not show up in the data immediately. (canada.com and public.web.cern.ch/public/)

 

Lungless frog discovered

For 30 years, researchers have been trying to find populations of the aquatic frog, Barbourula kalimantanensis, which, based on the prior discovery of two specimens, has demonstrated the total lack of lungs. Researchers from the National University of Singapore have succeeded at locating two populations in the portion of Borneo that belongs to Indonesia.

Lunglessness has only been found to occur in amphibians and is a trait common to salamanders. It also occurs in a single species of caecilian, a limbless amphibian resembling an earthworm. Otherwise, the complete loss of lungs is a rare evolutionary event, probably occurring only three times.

Instead of lungs, B.kalimantanensis respires through its skin. This may be an adaptive trait because the frog’s environment is oxygen-rich, fast-flowing, cold water. The frog’s flattened body may increase surface area available for respiration but it also causes the frog to have a tendency to sink rather than float in water. (sciencecentric.com)

 

United States CO2 emissions mapped in detail

On Monday, the Vulcan Project, a two-year effort funded by NASA and the Department of Energy, released its data containing maps that track down carbon dioxide emissions to their places of origin with 100 times more detail than previous data. Previously, total carbon emissions were known but their locations within the United States were not.

The collaborative project was conducted at Purdue University, Indiana, Colorado State University and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The researchers pooled 2002 CO2 emissions data from power plants, roads, factories, businesses and homes and illustrated it using computer models.

The data can be accessed at purdue.edu and the maps can be found on youtube.com. (cnet.com)

 

Science Scene is compiled by JENNIFER WOLF, who can be reached at science@californiaaggie.com.XXX

Unitrans considers bus tracking systems

You hit your snooze button for the third time and suddenly realize you have 10 minutes before your next class starts. You clamber out of bed, jumping around and stabbing a leg through each pant leg while attempting to read the blurry lines of numbers on the bus schedule. As you try to figure out which bus you could catch, you take a chance and hope the bus that arrives in less than a minute will be late.

This game of chance could soon become a distant memory, as Global Positioning System mass transit tracking systems are beginning to be launched through the country’s university campuses.

GPS mass transit tracking is a system designed to trace the location of city buses and provide real-time information on the position of the buses to passengers.

Travelers can access the real-time information on the location of the buses on the Internet. A detailed map of the city is presented on the screen, and a balloon-like symbol portrays the buses’ actual movements in time.

TransLoc Inc., a company that specializes in transit tracking, has helped launch and operate this kind of technology.

“We install a global positioning device on each bus that sends information about each bus’ location to our servers. The TransLoc Transit Visualization System (TVS) continuously displays the location of vehicles and animates their motion against a detailed map of recognizable campus buildings and landmarks,” said Josh Cohen, a representative at Transloc Inc., in an e-mail interview.

Due to various traffic jams, road construction, accidents and other unforeseen incidents, it is difficult to provide accurate scheduling as to when buses will arrive at their designated stops. This system will allow users to select their desired bus route as well as their location of pickup. The system allows riders to have more control over their schedules and waste less time waiting for the next bus to come around.

TransLoc TVS has made waiting for the bus more comfortable, more convenient and safer,” Cohen said. “Because students can access the real-time information on the location of the buses on the Internet, on their cell phone or in a major campus gathering place like the Memorial Union, they can have more control over their time. If a rider looks online and sees her bus on the other side of campus, she can go pick up lunch with confidence, knowing she will not miss her bus.”

The tracking system features not only a map tailored to the campus and real-time transmission of the buses’ locations, but it also has an announcement feature for administrators to post information about detours, route changes and emergencies.

Management can post reports to track on-time performance and vehicle usage.

“It also gives the manager the ability to see where [the buses] are and to slow them down or divert empty ones so as to keep the optimal flow,” said Ed Bebyn, manager of parking and transit at Yale University in an e-mail interview.

Along with Yale, a number of universities across the nation have implemented the tracking program into their transit systems.

Adele Clements, Director of Transportation at Emory University, thinks the tracking system has been an extremely valuable tool for the campus, the community and the shuttle management.

“There haven’t really been any downsides,” Clements said. “Occasionally, there is a technical glitch in the transmission of the location of a bus, but this is rare and is always addressed in a timely manner by the vendor.”

The cost of implementing the system can vary. According to Cohen, the number of buses, geographic size of the transit system, the number of routes and stops, and the number of riders all affect the cost to install and operate TransLoc TVS.

The managers at Unitrans, the UC Davis transportation system, have been interested in this type of tracking system for several years, though the system’s cost and effectiveness have kept them from implementing the system into Unitrans services.

Anthony Palmere, the assistant general manager at Unitrans thinks this kind of system is necessary.

“[Customers] don’t have to wait as long at the bus stop and there is less anxiety when you have some idea when the bus is coming,” said Palemere in an e-mail interview. “From the operators’ perspective, it provides much better information for making decisions in dispatching service and evaluating on-time performance.”

Unitrans has yet to determine how the system would be put into practice, but Palmere feels that possibly it will be phased in.

Initially, the real-time tracking would be available at the dispatch office to help in allocating service more efficiently in response to delays. The system would then be made available to riders through the Internet and handheld devices. Eventually, Unitrans would like to be able to report real-time information on display screens and kiosks at terminals and major stops.

A downside to this system is the cost. There is a very wide range of costs, depending on the functionality of the system, from a few hundred thousand dollars to several million dollars.

“We have grant funding of $600,000 to get an initial system in place, so we will see how much that gets us,” Palmere said.

 

YASSMIN ATEFI can be reached at science@californiaaggie.com. XXX

 

Baseball preview

0

Teams: UC Davis vs. No. 10 Stanford

Records: Aggies, 20-10; Cardinal, 15-9

Where: Sunken Diamond – Stanford, Calif.

When: Today at 6 p.m.

Who to watch: Senior UC Davis outfielder Ryan Royster went 8-for-20 (.400) this past weekend in Washington and hit his Big West Conference-leading seventh home run. The Aggie leadoff man also paces all conference players in runs scored and total bases.

Did you know? Stanford has had 43 consecutive winning seasons at the Sunken Diamond, including a 320-106 (.751) mark at home over the last 12-plus seasons. The Cardinal is 11-6 so far through its first 17 home contests of 2008.

Preview: UC Davis defeated the ranked Fresno State Bulldogs to kick off the 2008 season.

Now it will have a chance to top a ranked opponent yet again in No. 10 Stanford.

The Cardinal is coming off of a 5-5 tie against rival No. 5 California. The two teams played to the 13th inning before the game was called off due to darkness.

This past weekend, Stanford took two of three from previously top-ranked Arizona State. While the Cardinal has gone 8-3 against nationally ranked teams this season, it is also just 7-6 against non-ranked opponents.

The Aggies got a taste of the Pacific-10 this past weekend with Washington State, from which it took two of four on the road.

UC Davis has won 14 of its last 17 games, and head coach Rex Peters can’t complain.

“We can’t ask for a much better start,” Peters said. “We feel pretty good about the way we’re playing and where we are at this point.”

UC Davis has felt particularly good at the plate this season. Despite being picked to finish last in the Big West pre-season polls, the Aggies are leading the conference in runs scored (223), team batting average (.334), on-base percentage (.405), hits (362) and total bases (513).

Stanford’s offense this season has been led by junior outfielder Sean Ratliff. The Longmont, Col. native, who doubles as a left-hander on the mound, is hitting .337 this season with eight doubles, eight home runs and 26 RBI.