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Monday, December 22, 2025
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Football preview

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Teams: UC Davis at No. 17 (FCS) University of South Dakota

Records: Aggies, 2-4 (0-0); Coyotes, 4-3 (1-0)

Where: DakotaDome – Vermillion, South Dakota

When: Saturday at 2 p.m.

Who to watch: Redshirt freshman running back Colton Silveria is making the most of his first season on the Aggies’ game-day roster.

The Redding, Calif. native leads the team in rushing with 262 yards and two touchdowns, averaging 43.7 yards per game.

“He’s got vision and good lateral quickness to go with good speed,” Head Coach Bob Biggs said. “He’s a complete back in that way.

“Colton’s one of those guys, as he gets more carries he seems to get better and better. He’s a durable back.”

Did you know? The Aggies have not won a road contest yet this year and have been outscored 142-42 in three attempts.

Preview: The UC Davis football team will head into a hostile environment Saturday in search of back-to-back wins for the first time this season.

This weekend’s matchup also marks the first Great West Conference game of the year for the Aggies, adding extra pressure.

“It’s real important to get the first [conference win] if you want any chance at a conference title,” Biggs said. “[South Dakota is] in a pretty good position right now, so we need to get this one.”

With each team in the Great West playing only four conference games, each matchup is of the utmost importance.

Offensively, the Aggies will look to build on their performance from last week in which they set multiple season highs, including rushing yards and total offense.

They also set a season high with 25 first downs, a big improvement over previous games’ production. The stat also points toward a more balanced offense, something the Aggies had been struggling to find early in the season.

“Fine tuning the execution [last week] allowed us to run the ball more,” Biggs said. “We didn’t break any long runs but were able to run the ball three, four, five yards. Their defense had to respect that and the pass play opened for us.

“The first downs are a sign of a team that’s not just relying on big plays but finding ways to move the chains.”

The UC Davis offense will need to maintain its balanced attack and stay out of third and long situations in order to keep the powerful South Dakota defensive line at bay. The Coyotes lead the conference with 23 sacks on the season, and keeping the ball moving downfield will be key to limiting the pressure on quarterback Randy Wright.

“We have to keep them off balance,” Biggs explained. “When they can pin their ears back and get up the field, they’re pretty good.

“We can’t allow them to do that.”

Defensively, the focus for the Aggies will be disrupting the run game and forcing South Dakota quarterback Dante Warren to make decisions on the fly.

“If we can disrupt his flow a little bit, his rhythm, that will give us a better chance to make some plays,” Biggs said. “If we’re able to stop their run and force them into a passing game, that’s not what they want [us] to do.”

Another challenge for the UC Davis Aggies will be the noise and unfamiliar playing surface of the DakotaDome. The small multi-stadium has an old Astroturf playing field, something rarely seen in football today and described by Biggs as hard and abrasive.

Additionally, the domed roof creates an extremely noisy atmosphere, something the Aggies will try to combat with silent cadence from Wright.

– Caelum Shove

Editor’s note: The initial run of this story incorrectly included the title: Homecoming Football Preview and several references to the Big West Conference. This week’s game is not homecoming, and UC Davis football competes in the Great West Conference, not the Big West. The Aggie regrets the errors.

Artist: Random Abiladeze

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Artist: Random Abiladeze

Album: Indubitably!

Label: Self-released

Rating: 4

If there is one thing that comes out clear in Sacramento hip-hop artist Random Abiladeze’s new album, it is frustration. The artist has taken about as much as he can from record executives, idiotic listeners who misunderstand his music and living among an ever present fakeness. His lyrics and tone of voice are filled with honesty instead of petty anger or detached sarcasm.

Indubitably! is about a man trying to sincerely figure out and deal with all these people around him. It is a testament to Random Abilideze’s self-proclaimed talent that he does not resort to resentment. What is most refreshing about Random Abilideze is his lack of “fronting,” he honestly raps about what he deals with. He is also not aggressive or assaultive, instead relying on insight and criticism. The highlight of Indubitably! is track four “Walk Into My Office” which is a back and forth between Random Abiladeze and a record executive (played by another artist) trying to get Random to sign on with his label. The chorus of the song is “Walk into my office, I will make you star” which sounds cynical and humorous at the same time. The last 30 seconds of the song includes a hilarious parody of modern mainstream hip-hop filled with club beats and auto-tune, sung by self-aggrandizing artists by the names of Swaggy McFly and McSwagger. The songs also includes the brilliant line regarding Swaggy McFly urging his listeners to call him a “swaggit”.

What a listener will get from this album is that Random Abilideze handles himself with a sense of humility that most other hip-hop artists do not and that he manages to stand out from the shuffle of independent, poetic, frustrated, socially-conscious artists out there.

Give these tracks a listen: “Walk Into My Office”, “Brainwashed” and “Let it Go”

For fans of: Nas, Tupac, Common

– Rudy Sanchez

Artist: Demi Lovato

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Artist: Demi Lovato

Album: Unbroken

Label: Hollywood Records, Inc.

Rating: 4

Perhaps one of the only Disney-originated stars with actual vocal talent, Demi Lovato brings not only a powerful sound, but also an inspirational story to the table.

Her first album after taking a break from her show on the Disney Channel and from the public eye, Unbroken has tracks that range from personal to dance-floor beats. Long awaited by her “Lovatics” (what she calls her fans) and the music industry, this album serves as a comeback story as well as a personal “thank you” to her fans.

The album has 15 tracks, with artists such as Dev, Missy Elliott, Timbaland and Jason Derulo making appearances.

With “Skyscraper” released as the first single, many would expect the rest of the album to be as jaw dropping. However, it seems as if Lovato’s writers feel that she needs to be singing about being someone’s only “shorty” and how someone doesn’t reply to her text messages. Nonetheless, the majority of the album is still quality, possibly serving as a taste of what Lovato is planning for the future.

Give these tracks a listen: “Unbroken”, “Lightweight”, “All Night Long”

For Fans Of: Britney Spears, Kelly Clarkson

– Elizabeth Orpina

Get to know the underground artists on campus: the UCD Breakers

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It has been around for some time now; it has its own rules, language and culture. Chances are, you probably never knew about it. It’s the breakdancing club at UC Davis.

If you have never heard of breakdance, otherwise known as b-boying, it is a form of popular style of street dance which combines elements of the hip hop culture. The dance style developed in New York in the ’70s where informal dance battles on the streets would take place.

The UCD Breakdancing Club started nearly five years ago by students. The founding members found themselves barred from dancing in public places. After going through the petition process, the club became official and dancers were given a space to move and be free. The club is now in the hands of senior Japanese and communication major Laurence Bacud and junior biotechnology major Jake Zieve.

As of now, the club is an informal and casual one – meaning any one can join or show up at any time, although there are certain unofficial conditions one must adhere to.

“[Newcomers] have to be willing to learn from other people, you have to ask, have to be active in what you want, you can’t be passive,” Zieve said.

When one enters the breaking community one will find a number of terms and definitions needed to operate amongst other B-boys and B-girls. Any newcomer will be quick to learn about “biting”. Biting is defined as taking or stealing any other dancer’s moves and this is something breakdancers of all skill sets do.

Senior exercise biology major Lani Fung, also known as The Gymnast for her particular dancing style, advises that one should avoid biting unless they want drama.

“Cyphering” is another term easily picked-up once one enters into the world of breaking. A “Cypher” is usually when a group of dancers form a circle around any two dancers who must show their skills and moves within this circle. A dancer can find themselves in a one-on-one battle in a cypher, albeit in a relaxed and casual way where there is nothing really at stake besides a dancer’s potential credibility. It is also advised to never bite during a cypher.

The last and most important part of breaking is musicality. Musicality is as defined by members in the club as a way to feel the beat of the song. A dancer has to move to the beat and timing of a song as well as just feel the music. For co-president Bacud, musicality is the most philosophical aspect of breaking where a dancer has to be in tune with a specific song.

“The dance has to hit the idiosyncrasies of the song,” Bacud said. “It’s more than moving; it’s where it becomes more of a dance and a dance form.”

The UCD Breakdancing Club has performed and won at the Davis Dance Revolution (DDR), a campuswide dance competition that has taken place during Picnic Day, two years in a row. The club won their first time in the dance supergroup category with other Davis dancing teams Mobility and Popping Club. For the 2011 DDR, the Breakdancing Club received first place along with the $1000 prize.

Although DDR is taken seriously and the club trains rigorously for, it is only a small aspect of the club.

“[DDR] is not the sole reason the club exists,” Bacud said. “Performing in front of 1000 people, a sold out crowd, what other time do you get that opportunity? We put on a great show, everyone loves it and members get to bond during the hardships.”

While certain events are taken seriously, breaking is most importantly about fun and self-expression for the club members.

“[It’s] much like writing a poem, instead of words, you’re portraying yourself through song, in an infinite way you take the music and do what you’re feeling” Zieve said.

UCD Breakdancing Club meets and practices at the ARC Pavilion every Monday and Wednesday from 10 p.m. to midnight. Their practices are open to those willing to learn. To find out more about the breakdancing culture and community, watch the 2007 documentary Planet B-Boy. To find about upcoming events and all things break dancing check the website www.bboy.org/forums/event-listings/.

Rudy Sanchez can be reached at arts@aggie.org.

Guidelines for your future in design or textiles and clothing

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There is a fear that all college students share – graduating from college. It used to sound great: pursuing your dream job, making great money and making use of that degree that you slaved over for four years. That was before the economy crashed and kept crashing. Now, when students think about graduating from college, all they see is a blank page. New paths now have to be carved out and that truly is scary, creating something of your own with no instructions or guidance on exactly what you’re trying to do.

But do not fear! There are creative individuals who graduated from the UC Davis design major, as well as the textiles and clothing major, who are more than happy to impart their advice for all the fearful readers on campus about the future and all the surprises it has waiting for you.

Sarah Kim graduated in June 2008 with a B.S. in textiles and clothing. She is currently an assistant editor of Antenna Magazine in New York City. She credits the many different courses that she got to take for her major such as chemistry and accounting for making her well rounded for the job she now has.

“Our major was relatively small, which made it really easy to start networking before even leaving Davis,” Kim said. “Not to mention, my advisor Joan Chandler was the absolute best.”

Kim got her job as an assistant editor at Antenna, which is an international men’s lifestyle, product and fashion magazine, by starting out as a freelance fashion assistant and advancing forward. It’s a stressful job, as she has a hand in everything in the magazine.

“I do everything from coming up with ideas for the magazine, going to press previews for different types of products and places, writing, traveling, to packing and unpacking boxes, staying late nights in the office and then some,” Kim said.

The job isn’t easy but Kim loves what she does.

“Life after college, it’s real,” Kim said. “There’s a weird self awareness, or self questioning maybe, because you’ve only measured yourself to your peers and suddenly you’re in a completely different ball game. Life after college is intensely scary, truly eye opening and makes you feel small, but in a good, humbling kind of way.”

Katrina Chan, who has just recently graduated in June 2011 with two B.A.s – design and sociology – organizational studies – feels the same way about life after college. Chan is currently working as a graphic design and ticket specialist intern at Disney Ticketing. She designs the graphics on the tickets that customers purchase throughout the day.

“Life after college can be pretty scary,” Chan said. “There is this common misconception that you are suppose to find your dream job and know what you are supposed to do after you graduate. That is entirely false. It is still a learning process even after you graduate to find and rediscover what you want to do in life. I’m still figuring out what I really want to do”.

Chan got to her current position by having completed the Disney College Program in Fall 2008 at the Disneyland Resort where she worked at the entertainment sector. A lifelong fan of Disney, Chan had always dreamed of working for Disney one day and took all the opportunities she could get to fulfill her dream.

Rebecca Wendlant and Matthew Hatfield, on the other hand, have taken crafting new paths to a different level. Both run their own businesses; Wendlant has a custom design and sewing business which is located in her home while Hatfield created his own clothing program which does orders online.

Wendlant graduated in June 2006 with a B.S. in design with an emphasis in fashion and textiles.

“The design program taught me how to design a garment that was not only functionally appropriate for its intended use but also innovative, creative and exciting,” Wendlant said. “The professors I worked with encouraged me along this more artistic path and helped me develop my design skills.”

Hatfield graduated with a B.A. in graphic design with an emphasis in visual communication in 2010.

“My degree didn’t prepare me for my day job in the warehouse but it fully prepared me for what I want to do which is to start a clothing company,” Hatfield said.

All the graduates agree that the design program in Davis has prepared them in their jobs and what they want to do for the rest of their lives. However, that doesn’t mean they still don’t have advice that they’ve picked up from years of experience after college.

“Don’t think you have to do exactly what you’ve had planned because the fact of the matter is, it’s probably not going to go your way. And that’s okay. Be genuine and work hard. And always follow up,” Kim said. “Do yourself and your future employer a favor and google Bobby Hundreds. Just work hard, it’s not hard work. Just soak it in.”

Chan, on the other hand, suggests that students find other ways to put their work out there in the public as a way to find out their individual goals.

“If you can keep a fun and professional blog about your life, it will give an insight to employers to let them know what kind of person you are,” Chan said. “It also shows that you are able to communicate effectively through the web. Always have an updated online portfolio to show to your employers. Success is not a destination; it’s a journey. It’s still a learning process throughout your whole life even after you graduate.”

In the same vein, Hatfield agrees that finding individuality through self-discovery is one of the first steps to finding success in the business.

“Learn everything and develop a style,” Hatfield said. “Be the perfect version of yourself, don’t be held back by rules and expectations and fears, give yourself permission to do whatever it is you please. Make your own job and use the online world to promote yourself. It’s a million times easier than handing out a resume to everyone you meet. Trust me, money will find you. You will go hungry, look for change under the cushions and crash at your friend’s house because you are homeless. But hey, that’s college anyways.”

But even among those somewhat bleak but realistic words of advice, everybody agrees on one fundamental thing.

“Be happy. There is literally nothing so terribly important that you can’t approach it without a smile on your face. Worry about bills, credit ratings and sleep when you’re 50. Right now you are young, beautiful and full of the brightest ideas. Chase every opportunity that comes your way,” Hatfield said.

MICHELLE RUAN can be reached at arts@theaggie.org.

Music spotlight: Butterscotch

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You may recognize her from the NBC’s “America’s Got Talent” where she impressed Ellen DeGeneres. Or perhaps, you may know her as the first International World Female Beatbox Champion and the West Coast Beatbox Champion for both sexes. Butterscotch, with “smooth like Butter … hard like Scotch” as her slogan, specializes in singing and beatboxing. Influenced by jazz, classical, hip-hop and R&B artists, she is internationally recognized for performing with a range of music legends as well as performing in as many countries as she can.

Performing in Davis for the first time in four years, Butterscotch returns to her hometown to headline the Jazz and Beat Festival at The Natsoulas Gallery on First Street this Saturday at 8 p.m. The performance is free.

MUSE had an opportunity to catch up with Butterscotch in an e-mail interview. Here is what she had to say:

MUSE: Who are your favorite artists to listen to?

Butterscotch: My favorite artists to listen to are Stevie Wonder, Earth Wind & Fire, Erykah Badu, Jamiroquai, Billie Holiday, Chopin and Beethoven.

What is your favorite song of the moment?

“Moon and the Sky” by Sade.

How did you learn to beatbox?

I had a friend in high school, Natomas Charter Performing and Fine Arts Academy (in Sacramento), who was an amazing beat-boxer. His name is Leejay Abucayan. I thought it was the most amazing thing live. He taught me the basics and I added it to my musical style.

How was it meeting Ellen and performing on her show?

It was awesome meeting Ellen. She was really sweet and performing for her was an honor.

Where was your favorite place to go on tour and perform?

Everywhere in the world is so different so it’s very difficult to pick out a favorite place. But, I really love Hong Kong and Australia. 

If you could duet with one other artist, who would it be and why?

I would love to do a duet with Stevie Wonder because he is the most incredible musician and singer.

Where do you see yourself in 10 years?

In 10 years I see myself still touring around the world, composing music for films, producing for other artists and living life to the fullest.

What is your ultimate goal in the music industry?

To create something unique and inspire that anyone with a dream, passion and motivation can do anything. My life experiences, thus far, have proven so.

How does it feel to be back in Davis and performing after four years?

I’m really excited to be back in Davis again. I have a lot of friends and teachers from town who I haven’t seen for a long time. They saw me struggle back in the day and helped me get on my feet when I needed it the most. This one is for them. 

ELIZABETH ORPINA can be reached at arts@theaggie.org.

Arts Week

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MUSIC

Souterrain

Today, noon to 1 p.m., free

The Quad

Just as their name suggests, Souterrain’s sound is all about soul and folk melodies. Laura Norton, Sam Shirley and David Sachs make up the band. Despite have only three members, Souterrain packs a lot of sound as Norton’s voice is extremely smooth and Sach’s upright bass is full of depth. Today, on the Quad, Souterrain will play a free set. Grab your lunch and check out this unique trio.

Butterscotch

Saturday, 8 to 9:30 p.m., free

Natsoulas Gallery, 521 First Street

Have you ever tried beatboxing? It’s hard right? Well, try to beatbox and sing at the same time. Butterscotch, the R&B singer, pianist and beatboxer who was featured on NBC’s “America’s Got Talent”, can do the seemingly impossible of beatboxing and singing simultaneously. Today, at the Natsoulas Gallery, Butterscotch will perform a free show. This performance will be her first appearance in Davis in almost four years. Also, don’t forget to check out MUSE’s interview with Butterscotch before you head over tonight.

THEATER/MONDAVI

k.d. lang and the Siss Boom Bang

Today, 8.p.m., $21/$33/$38.5 (students)

Jackson Hall, Mondavi Center

In 2009, she sold out the show at The Mondavi Center. And today, k.d. lang returns to the main stage to bring an outstanding repertoire of sound. If you’ve never heard of Lang before, she is known for her versatility with her unique vocal abilities and song choices. Tony Bennett, another familiar face at the Mondavi Center, has claimed to be lang’s biggest fan.

Rising Stars of Opera

Friday, 8 p.m., free

Jackson Hall, Mondavi Center

It’s accepted that many students are intimidated to check out Mondavi Center performances due to the obstacles of simply affording tickets. But on Friday, the hall should be buzzing with happy college students who will be getting in a free show which features the UC Davis Symphony Orchestra and Adler Fellows. Tickets are limited, however, so make sure to come early or check with the ticket office to see availability before showing up.

POETRY/LITERATURE

The 5th Annual Davis Jazz Festival: Beyond the Beat Generation

Friday to Saturday, varying, free

The Natsoulas Gallery, 521 First Street

The annual festival has been going on for a few weeks now. However, Friday continuing into Saturday will be the official conference day for the event. Poetry contest winners, live music and appearances from renowned poet Neeli Cherkovski are among some of the events to take place.

ART/GALLERY

Dia De Los Muertos (Day of the Dead) exhibit

Today to Nov. 20, 11:30 to 5 p.m., free

Pence Gallery, 212 D St.

An alter display made up of decorated skulls doesn’t necessarily have to feel morbid and creepy. The Mexican cultural celebration Day of the Dead (or Dia De Los Muertos) is a tradition that pays tribute to deceased family members in an uplifting way utilizing varying forms of art. Artists Alison Smith, Amanda Lopez and Malaquias Montoya are among some of the featured artist for the Day of the Dead exhibition currently displaying at the Pence Gallery.

UYEN CAO can be reached at arts@theaggie.org.

Column: Don’t ever grow up

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Remember those days where the world felt overwhelmingly large? When there was no Facebook or iPhones to distract us? Do you remember having a “secret” place that you would wander around after school to embark on your daily “adventures”? This feeling was so light. Everything was less complicated and life’s possibilities were endless. Do you remember that scene in Peter Pan when Wendy says: “My parents wanted me to grow up” and Captain Hook responds, “Growing up is such a barbarous business, full of inconvenience … and pimples”? 

Well, I would’ve said back to Captain Hook, “I don’t want to grow up! Ever!” 

Things are pretty heavy these days. It’s not easy living the life of a college student. There are too many sleepless nights where we’re up late worrying about midterms, projects, tuition, bills, bills and more bills. Why sit around and paint, write or make music when you got rent to pay? 

I guess it’s a completely legitimate excuse not to just “bum around.” I do think, however, that the only way to keep sane is to stop once in a while and cater to our creativity. Like everything else, it’s something I think everyone has regardless of whether they are aware of it or not. 

Pablo Picasso once said, “Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once we grow up.” 

We’re in a world where we put ourselves into categories: you’re an engineer, you’re a doctor and you’re an architect. At what point can we say we’re more than one?

Also, I’m not speaking explicitly about the conventional mediums of art – you don’t have to know how to read music or to use oil paint “the right way” to be creative. I think it’s about how we go about problem solving and approach challenges. You rarely see a seven-year-old pick up a crayon and say, “I’m not a drawer, I can’t draw, so I’m not going to do it.”  Nope, they just pick up the box of crayons and go at it.  

I guess where I’m going with all of this is that I wish a lot of us were more inhibited when it came to letting that inner child come out. It’s that artist within all of us – it’s the kid with a crayon drawing all over the walls and getting yelled at by our mothers. It’s that kid that would pick up a pile of leaves and pretend to play kitchen on the top deck of our imaginary pirate ship. Whether you’re a science or math major, I think if we all put this creative mindset in how we approach the world (with good common sense of course), you’ll be surprised at how much happier you’ll be.

One of my favorite novels of all time is Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close by Jonathan Safran Foer. Every time I read the novel, I get this unbelievable feeling – it’s a strange mixture of nostalgia and joy. I had never cried and laughed while reading a book before. Foer’s writing in the novel captures the endearing nature and innocence of the main protagonist, nine-year-old Oskar Schell, who lost his father in the tragedy of Sept. 11. Foer’s use of fragments and run-on sentences mirrors the exact way a kid’s mind would work. It’s absolutely precious. Foer reminds me that I never want to loose that way of thinking – a way of thinking that is so innovative and imaginative. And for the rest of this column, I would like to share with you favorite passage from the novel. Be prepared to smile.

“What about little microphones? What if everyone swallowed them, and they played the sounds of our hearts through little speakers, which could be in the pouches of our overalls? When you skateboarded down the street at night you could hear everyone’s heartbeat, and they could hear yours, sort of like sonar. One weird thing is, I wonder if everyone’s hearts would start to beat at the same time, like how women who live together have their menstrual periods at the same time, which I know about, but don’t really want to know about. That would be so weird, except that the place in the hospital where babies are born would sound like a crystal chandelier in a houseboat, because the babies wouldn’t have had time to match up their heartbeats yet. And at the finish line at the end of the New York City Marathon it would sound like war.”? 

UYEN CAO would like to know what is your favorite animated film! Let her know by e-mailing her at arts@theaggie.org.

Crab Pulsar emits highest-energy gamma rays ever observed

A group of international astronomers and physicists has detected the highest-energy gamma rays ever observed from a pulsar. This new and surprising data could provide insight into unknown phenomenon occurring in space.

Published on Oct. 6 in the journal Science, the results show that photons were observed from a pulsar system with energies that exceed 100 billion electron volts. To put this in perspective, this is more than 50 billion times higher than visible light from the sun.

This is the first time energies of this magnitude have been observed, surprising many of the scientists working on the project.

“The general feeling was that pulsars would not do what we saw. It was a complete surprise and everyone was pretty amazed,” said Rene Ong, a UCLA professor of physics and astronomy and spokesperson for the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), the collaboration in charge of the experiment.

A pulsar is a highly magnetized and rapidly spinning neutron star. The data collected in this experiment came from the Crab Pulsar – one of the most well-studied and, until now, among the best understood astronomical objects in the universe. But this new data shows that there is still much to learn about this object as well as the physics that govern our galaxy.

“Right now there is no preferred mechanism or obvious answer to what accounts for this, so it is going to require a lot of work from both theorists and experimentalists over the next few years to really understand what is going on here,” Ong said.

The study is a collaborative effort from over 95 scientists from 23 institutions in five countries. Within the United States, UCLA and UCSC have scientists working on this project.

VERITAS includes a ground-based gamma ray observatory and part of southern Arizona’s Whipple Observatory. VERITAS utilizes a network of four telescopes, each 12 meters in diameter to look for radiation emanating from celestial objects such as pulsars, active galaxies, the center of the Milky Way and supermassive black holes.

“VERITAS is the premier instrument in the world to do this type of ground-based gamma ray astronomy. We have been operating since 2007 and we are right in the middle of an upgrade which will allow us to become state-of-the-art,” Ong said.

Ong finds it interesting that even now, decades after research into gamma ray research began, we still do not understand many of their mechanisms.

“It is really incredible that it can do this process that we don’t understand yet. To emit light at these unfathomable energies to us is just amazing,” Ong said.

Ong believes this research may shed some light on the complexity of mechanisms that govern our universe.

“The ultimate purpose is to understand the history of the universe, where we came from and where we are going,” Ong said.

CLAIRE MALDARELLI can be reached at science@theaggie.org.

Radioactivity in cigarettes hidden by tobacco industry

Polonium 210 (210Po) has a life of intrigue and infamy compared to other elements. Since its discovery by Marie Curie 113 years ago, it has been used for a variety of purposes including heating satellites, removing static from photography equipment and even KGB assassinations.

It is also found in every cigarette.

210Po is radioactive and has been connected to 15,000 to 22,000 lung cancer deaths per year. According to a UCLA research study, tobacco companies have not only known about the presence of 210Po in their cigarettes since the mid 1960s but have actively covered up and denied any knowledge of the matter.

“Lung cancer was a rare disease before smoking became rampant,” said Hrayr Karagueuzian, a researcher at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and lead author of a paper detailing the tobacco industry’s policies and actions regarding radioactive 210Po. Lung cancer was so rare that when a physician came across a case, he or she would call all colleagues to come and observe.

Tobacco radioactivity has two identified sources: the atmosphere and soil contaminated by certain fertilizers. 210Po is absorbed by the sticky crystals, called trichoms, on the tobacco leaves. The trichoms are water insoluble, which means that rinsing the leaves will do nothing to remove the radioactive particles.

The radiation from 210Po does not evenly distribute in the lungs. It gathers in “hot spots.” The particles gathered in the hot spots cause cell death, and the cells that do survive are mutated.

Humans have a gene called the P53 Tumor Suppressant Gene, which is responsible for repairing damaged DNA that causes tumors. The alpha particles from 210Po disrupt the operations of this gene, which leads to a proliferation of malignant growths – cancer.

In Karagueuzian’s words, “When the cat’s not there, the mice start to dance.”

Even before the publication of this study on cigarettes, doctors had always considered smoking to be a factor in many health problems.

“No matter what disease we look at, we always ask ‘smoker or non-smoker?'” said Jim Sayre of the UCLA department of biostatistics and radiological sciences. “I had no idea that radiation was actually involved,” he said.

Our bodies have natural mechanisms – mucus and cilia – to slowly clear out the sticky tar and smoke particles. But the sheer amount of tar, smoke and nicotine piling up in the lungs prevents the cilia from functioning properly.

“Of the 210Po in the cigarettes, 35 percent is absorbed [by the lung tissue], 50 percent is exhaled and the rest is lost in the environment,” Karagueuzian said. “That 50 percent is discharged to the immediate environment of the smoker.”

Another huge concern is the morality of the tobacco companies’ decision to keep the research on radioactivity secret for more than 50 years.

Tobacco companies have found that a method called acid washing greatly reduced the amount of 210Po in their cigarettes. However, the acid wash also reduced the potency and addictivity of the nicotine.

“The industry is a little bit shady,” Sayre said. “They are going to make a buck however they can.”  

Tobacco companies used rebuttal, denial and intimidation to keep the studies under wraps. They even issued an industry-wide ban on publishing any research related to tobacco radioactivity. The tobacco industry also gave all of its documents to corporate lawyers to ensure they were kept secret under attorney-client privilege.

“Lawyers are exempt from having to disclose harmful information because it is given to them in confidence by their clients,” said Rex Perschbacher of UC Davis School of Law.

By California law and legal ethics, there would be no requirement for corporate lawyers to reveal this harmful information. They would have the right to reveal it but would have no obligation to do so.

In 1998, the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement case ended with an agreement that the tobacco companies help compensate state Medicaid expenses for smoking-related illnesses and release all documents concerning health problems related to tobacco. As of now, over 13 million documents totaling more than 70 million pages have been released.

“There are a lot of secrets in business – good ones, benign ones and bad ones. These companies were at arm’s length from government scrutiny,” Perschbacher said.

The research study will likely lead to an anti-smoking campaign centered around radioactivity in addition to its other negative health effects.

HUDSON LOFCHIE can be reached at science@theaggie.org.

Column: Worms in farms

Nematodes are some of the most important animals that we rarely ever see. They’re commonly called roundworms because, well, that’s what they look like. They’re much more diverse than you would expect, though, ranging from microscopic bacteria grazers and plant eaters to foot-long worms in the human intestine.

Howard Ferris, professor of nematology at UC Davis, focuses on the microscopic, though humans did discover the larger ones first.

“Humans have been aware of nematodes for a long time because they affected us directly,” Ferris said. “People would say, ‘What’s that wriggling in the fecal sample?'”

After people discovered nematodes in themselves, it wasn’t too long before they realized it was one of the causes of diseases in their crops, as well.

Ferris took me on a short tour of his specialty, the microscopic nematodes that live in soil. We looked through a microscope that had two separate viewers so I could watch as he showed me the worms.

The nematodes that are important to agriculture come in countless different varieties, but based on what they feed upon, the layperson can classify them: bacteria-eating, plant-eating and predatory. These differences are just as important to nematodes as the food web differences between plankton, fish and humans.

“Some [nematodes] are higher-level predators of nematodes that are plant pests; they can suppress their root-feeding prey, leading to less damage to the plant,” Ferris said.

In other words, the presence of predatory nematodes keeps the plant-eaters in check. Both the predatory and the plant-eating nematodes, though tiny, take on a complex and almost sinister appearance. In the mouth of the predatory nematode are sharp teeth; they are the lions of the nematode world.

The plant-eaters have an even stranger structure. They have what looks like a sharp pin inside of their head, called a stylet. When the nematode finds a plant cell or root that it wants, the pin ejects out of the mouth and stabs the cell, sucking in its contents. These are the plant pathogens that can cause disease in crops, from potato cyst nematodes to root-knot nematodes.

Unfortunately, the predatory nematodes that eat the plant-eaters have weaknesses in a farming environment.

“Predatory nematodes are sensitive to fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals; the chemicals dissolve water films around soil particles, which is where the nematodes live,” Ferris said. “Predatory nematodes are also intolerant to soil disturbances. Soil tillage abrades their bodies.”

According to Ferris, the plant-eaters are also stronger than their predators in the face of chemical pesticides. The pesticides negatively affect all nematodes, but the plant-eaters tend to rebound more quickly. The result is a less diverse microbial community in the soil and therefore fewer resources that the land can provide through microbial metabolism.

Ferris wants the agricultural world to change its thinking, from exterminating every living thing in the soil except the wanted crop to allowing a wide diversity of life to flourish.

“The scorched approach to agriculture results in nearly empty soil,” Ferris said. “Once you’ve annihilated the community in the soil, how do you recreate it? Once you’ve lost that soil food web, getting it back requires more effort and time than tearing it down.”

As we left his lab, we stopped by an adjacent room. It was fairly small, about twice as large as a walk-in closet, but filled nearly floor to ceiling with books and files. Ferris explained that this room was a result of farmers in Davis, years ago, wanting research on nematodes compiled for reference. The collection now contains about 15,000 reprints of research from the early 1900s to about 1990.

The room gives a glimpse of the pre-internet days before scientific journals had an effective way to gather all their research for easy access. Some of the research papers and references in here are old enough that journals didn’t bother archiving them online.

Growing up as I did on the cusp of the internet revolution, I only spent my elementary and middle school years needing to look through reference books and encyclopedias to research a topic, and I still felt nostalgic.

That feeling of nostalgia was clearly stronger for Ferris as he flipped through one of the many worn books.

“I’m forever finding stuff that I knew nothing about,” Ferris said.

AMY STEWART can be reached at science@theaggie.org.

Column: Presidential clash

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A smooth-talking, very likable black man who promises stark economic change from his would-be predecessor is the current favorite to win the Presidential nomination … with the Republican party.

Herman Cain, 65, is a business executive, syndicated columnist, radio host and associate minister in Georgia. He has never held public office but has spent time as the Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City and as Chairman and CEO of Godfather’s Pizza. Despite his limited political experience, Cain has launched himself into the presidential discussion.

Cain is labeled as a tremendous public speaker and a downright likable guy and, like any good politician, he knows how to turn a negative into a positive.

When asked about his lack of political experience, he replied, “Most of the people who are in elective office in Washington, D.C., they have held public office before. How’s that workin’ for you?”

For the most part, these labels make sense and can be summed up with one quote.

When discussing the feasibility of erecting a fence along our borders to prevent illegal immigration, Cain said, “If they would have put me in charge of the fence … it would be about 20 feet high, it would have electrified barbed wire on top and then on this side of the fence we would have a moat. And yes, Mr. President, it would have alligators in it! If they can out-swim the alligators after they get over that fence and that electric barbed wire, I’ll give them a job at Godfather’s!”

It’s comforting that Cain has a sense of humor, but is there any substance to back up his style?

One of the most talked about aspects of Cain’s candidacy is his 9-9-9 federal tax plan. Under this plan, the current tax code would be thrown out the window and replaced with flat 9 percent business, personal and sales taxes countrywide. According to Cain, “The 9-9-9 plan would resuscitate this economy because it replaces the outdated tax code that allows politicians to pick winners and losers, and to provide favors in the forms of tax breaks, special exemptions and loopholes. It simplifies the code dramatically.”

Opponents of the 9-9-9 plan focus on the 9 percent federal sales tax, claiming that such a tax would hit the lower and middle classes the hardest.

Cain even debunks our modern “PC” culture when he says, “I am an American. Black. Conservative. I don’t use African-American, because I’m American, I’m black and I’m conservative. I don’t like people trying to label me. African-American is socially acceptable for some people, but I am not some people.”

The real question through all this clutter is, does Cain have a shot at un-seating Obama?

Ultimately, I think that Obama will be re-elected regardless of who the Republican nominee is. However, Cain has the best shot at defeating the incumbent Obama for a few reasons.

Cain claims to have a penchant for getting results, something that Obama has ostensibly failed to do. Cain can work a crowd and put together a clever, coherent retort to a tough question — two of Obama’s best qualities.

The unfortunate truth is that Presidential elections rarely come down to who the best person for the job is, but who is the best at getting votes.

Cain will gain votes because he survived stage IV colon cancer. He will lose votes for criticizing the now-mainstream “Occupy” protests. His 9-9-9 plan, though innovative, will likely lose him votes because of the political faux pas that surrounds the idea of taxing the “poor”. The fact that he is a minister will gain him hoards of voters in the bible-belt. The list goes on and on.

However, Obama has one quality that Cain simply cannot match: he’s mainstream.

Ultimately, Obama will again be seen as the cool kid who plays basketball and dances on Ellen while his opponent will be viewed as just another old guy who wants to help out his rich CEO buddies, regardless of the results he would deliver.

Don’t worry, Herman. MARK LING isn’t mainstream either. Send him your cool kid hate mail at mdling@gmail.com.

Editorial: Don’t forget to read ahead

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Part of Yolo County Library’s eBook collection is now available for Kindle, Amazon.com’s digital reader. Library members can check out an eBook in the same way they would check out a real book – the book is available for three weeks, and then the content is disabled.

This jump from paper to digital books is not uncommon in today’s marketplace. Seeing someone reading a digital book on the bus is equally as likely as seeing someone reading a real, paper book. This shift, while impressive, should be taken in stride and should be thought about critically.

Books, which became prevalent after the printing press was invented around 1440, have shaped our culture into what it is today. While the advent of digital books is fascinating, we should realize that it has a direct effect on our culture and our lives. Just remember, the invention of the printing press helped the Protestant Reformation take form.

The benefits of digital readers are clear. An eBook is much lighter than a normal book, and you can carry around as many books as you like in one tablet. Book prices are often cheaper on eBooks, and font size and brightness can be adjusted to the reader’s desire. And let’s face it, who doesn’t think they look cool carrying around a trendy, digital device?

While these benefits clearly apply, the negatives of eBooks are also there. When a reader is reading an eBook, they lose the physical connection to what they are reading, along with the general experience of holding a book in their hand.  While you can virtually dog-ear a page on an eBook, there is clearly a difference between a digital action and physical action. Spilling coffee on a paper book can be easily fixed with a hair dryer and some patience. However, spilling coffee on an eBook is an overall disaster.

Digital readers also hinder the sharing process that is so vital to book culture. When someone is done reading a book on their Kindle, it is unlikely that they will want to lend their $79 device to a friend so that they can read the same book.

As digitalization becomes more prevalent in the academic world, students should be wary of the abrupt shift. If all textbooks are digital, how does a student take notes in the book? What if a student can’t afford an eBook? These questions should be considered before society welcomes digital books with open arms.

Some readers have attempted to balance the difference between the digital and paper world by switching back and forth between each medium. This alone shows the confusion that society faces as eBooks emerge as a prevalent mass media distributor.

While there are positive and negative effects of eBooks, it is most important that we as students notice the change, and understand how it will affect our lives.

And just remember, paper books don’t run out of batteries.

Editorial: Ends don’t justify means

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On Oct. 5 the Dempsey Report was released. The university-sponsored evaluation was intended to show where UC Davis stands as an athletic program, and provide a blueprint for where the university could go from here.

The report outlines several ways to increase funding for major sports, in the hopes of allowing UC Davis to move to the next level of collegiate athletics. Among these changes would be cutting five sports, and drastically increasing the seating capacity of both Aggie Stadium and the Pavilion.

While making vast improvements to UC Davis athletics is a noble goal, in this case, the ends do not justify the means.

Cutting five sports could leave over 100 student-athletes without the program they had entered the university for – roughly the same number that were affected when UC Davis cut four sports in 2010.

The diversity of sports at UC Davis is part of what makes the university unique. Very few institutions support 23 teams, let alone doing so at the Division I level. UC Davis is not known as a football or basketball power, and students don’t apply to UC Davis expecting national championships. Instead they come to UC Davis to be part of a different campus lifestyle – a lifestyle that is promoted by academic, cultural and athletic diversity.

And even if the prescribed changes are made to the athletic department, there is no guarantee that UC Davis will become a winning program. Studies commissioned by the NCAA have shown no correlation between increased spending and improved win-loss records. Making these costly changes without a guarantee of success seems far from worthwhile.

Over the next several months, Chancellor Linda Katehi will be reviewing candidates for athletics director based on the feedback she receives on the Dempsey Report. Despite the fact that students fund over 60 percent of UC Davis’ athletics budget, the student body is being largely left out of this decision-making process.

When UC Davis chose to make the transition to Division I in 2003, the students were heavily consulted – even voting in favor of raising student fees to help provide funds for athletics. Yet students have remained largely in the dark during this search for a new athletics director – the biggest decision to face UC Davis athletics since the move to Division I.

Few students attended last week’s poorly-publicized town-hall meeting, and those who did were largely student-athletes. Vice Chancellor Fred Wood has said he is attempting to set up a students-only meeting to discuss the search, but no date has been set. With student dollars at stake and the search already underway, it is vital for students to become informed and make their voices heard at the next town-hall meeting Wednesday at the UC Davis Conference Center.

Campus Judicial Report

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Philosophy of cheating

An undergraduate was referred to Student Judicial Affairs (SJA) for suspected plagiarism on a philosophy paper after the class reader discovered that ideas and passages from an online source had been copied in the essay without proper citation. When the student met with a judicial officer, she admitted that she had decided to re-write her entire essay and had therefore run out of time, so rather than having an incomplete essay she borrowed from the online source. The student accepted the sanction of disciplinary probation, and also agreed to meet with the Student Academic Success Center for writing help. In addition, the student received a zero on the paper from the instructor.

No shirt, no shoes, no service

An upperclassman was referred to SJA for violating the terms of his previous disciplinary agreement with SJA. The student had been referred to SJA before and as part of accepting responsibility for his actions had agreed to do 15 hours of community service. However, when it came time for the proper paperwork and documentation to be turned in, it was clear that he had not actually done the community service as outlined in his agreement. When he met with the judicial officer, the student claimed no knowledge of those conditions, but with evidence to the contrary he agreed that he had broken the agreement. For this second violation, the student was put on deferred separation status. In addition, the student forfeited his right to do the community service and was required to pay a sanction payment of $150 instead.

More reasons not to procrastinate

A student was referred to SJA on suspicion of plagiarism. Specifically, the student was found to have copied passages from an online source without any kind of citation. When the student met with a judicial officer, he admitted to having taken material from the source, stating that he had waited until late the night before to finish the essay and thus had not had enough time. He agreed to the sanctions of deferred separation and community service.