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Variations on a Theme

I’m a pacifist at heart. My aim with this column is to entertain. However, it seems that my Apr. 2 columnDon’t judgedid offend at least one person by making an unintended jab at an ethnic community. And for that, I’d like to make a couple of clarifications.

In the column, I made a flippant remark aboutdownplaying my heritageandstraightening the ethnicity out of my hair.These comments were meant in an entirely tongue-in-cheek manner. Me making fun of myselfall in good humor, right?

Evidently not.

By one response I got, my comments obviously didn’t come across as such. Whether that is the fault of any subconscious views I have or indicative of the improvements I need to make as a writer is up for debate.

In any case, when you have a surname as obvious as my own, it’s nearly impossible to hide any evidence of being Filipino. And, as I’ve learned, it’s difficult to run away from the responsibilities that come with being a published writer with an obviously Filipino last name, even in a medium as seemingly small as a college newspaper.

I never considered the source of my need to “[straighten] the ethnicity of my hair, as I claimed in the column. (Although, when it really comes down to it, all I wanted was some stick-straight hurr). And I sure as hell never considered that these feelings were a cultural phenomena of sorts.

This is where the termcolonial mentalitycomes into play.

Colonial mentality among Filipino Americans is defined by U. of Illinois psychology professor E.J.R. David asa form of internalized oppression, characterized by a perception of ethnic or cultural inferiority that is believed to be a consequence of centuries of colonization under Spain and the U.S. It involves the automatic and uncritical rejection of anything Filipino and an automatic and uncritical preference for anything American.

To get a better grasp of this term, one needs to know the basic history of the Philippines. Aboriginal groups first inhabited the lands, and trade relations were established with China and other Asian countries. In the 1500s, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived in Cebu. By the later part of the century up until 1821, the country was governed by the Viceroyalty of New Spain. From 1821 to 1898, Spain obtained direct administration over the P.I. In 1935, the U.S. established an American government there. Six years later, the Philippines were invaded by Japan. In 1946, the country gained independence from the U.S.

In other words: There were all kinds of turmoil in those there parts.

And all this political turmoil had even direr consequences for the psychological mindset of its people, possibly even affecting today’s generation of Filipinos and Filipino Americans. Colonial mentality is why skin whitening products have such a huge market in the Philippines, whyFOB-ierFilipinos are looked down upon and why Westernized beauty is held to a way higher regard than talent within the entertainment industry.

(But tell me, is it why Rob Schneiderthe man best known asDeuce Bigalo” – is arguably the most famous person of Filipino lineage in Hollywood? I digress.)

Still, though my claims from last week are of no support to the fact, I like to think that I haven’t taken my heritage completely for granted.

And thanks to the rich history of the P.I. and my family’s own history of mixed marriages, I’m my own melting pot in one little ethnically ambiguous package. Basically, I can wear a Tokyo t-shirt, dress up as a chola and still try to get attention from someone with a resoundingPssst!” In all seriousness, of course.

 

RACHEL FILIPINAS would someday like to reach the ranks of other famous Filipinos such as Rob Schneider, the lead singer from the Pussycat Dolls and Manny fromDegrassi. Reach her at rmfilipinas@ucdavis.edu.

CD Review: Propagandhi

Propagandhi

Supporting Caste

Smallman Records

 

Rating: 5

 

A crescendo of guitar feedback gives way to a crashing of thrashing drums and rhythmic guitars. This in turn gives way to heavy melodic riffing and then a pounding rhythm accompanied with melodic vocals.

 

This is how the highly political and socially active Canadian band Propagandhi ushers in their sixth studio album Supporting Caste.

 

Although not being as politically charged as previous releases, Supporting Caste follows in the vein of the band’s past two albums. Fans holding their breath for a more pop-punk release a lá 1993s How to Clean Everything will be sadly disappointed, but after 2001s Today’s Empires, Tomorrow’s Ashes, anything resembling their earlier work would be a shame and waste of talent.

 

Main vocalist Chris Hannah’s exceptional guitar work is enhanced by newly added member DavidThe BeaverGuillas on guitar. Bassist Todd Kowalski’s gruff vocals compliment Hannah’s cleaner key-conscious singing on the three tracks he gets to shine on.

 

The lyrics on Supporting Caste range from topics such as watching hockey and the social impact that sports announcers have on younger generations inDear Coachers Corners to allegorical short stories about communist citizens in dictatorial regimes with the trackPotemkin City Limits. When read on paper, the lyrics stand as very well-written prose, and this might be why the delivery of certain lines might sound choppy.

 

The tone of the songs off of Supporting Caste also varies.The Bangers Embrace, an ode to the band Sacrifice, is the lightest of all the songs. This song follows one of the album’s heavier songs,Incalculable Effects, creating a welcome juxtaposition of sludge and marshmallows. It is almost a 100% metal breakdown.

 

Supporting Caste is an album for those who like fast melodic thrash with a political and socially conscious agenda, albeit a very liberal one. Check out propagandhi.com for some of the causes they support because, as their lyrics illustrate,this world ain’t nothing more than what we make of it.

 

Give these tracks a listen: “Supporting Caste,” “Human(e) Meat,” “Incalculable Effects

For fans of: Good Riddance, Megadeth, Strike Anywhere

 

– Edgar Delgado

Arts Week

MUSIC

Deadly Davis Derby/Dance Party/Dash

Friday, 6 p.m., $3-5

Delta of Venus at 122 B St.

It’s good olfashioned madness and malarkey presented by the Davis Bicycle Collective. Make sure to get to Delta of Venus at 5:30 p.m. to register your team. The race starts at Delta, goes around Davis and is followed by a dance party featuring DJs TAO, Nix, Dog Tonez and Jordie La Forge.

Drive, Fair Game, Kattywompus, The Grumpy, Private Criminals

Friday, 8 p.m., $10

The Boardwalk in Orangevale

If the dark stringy hair and eyeliner aren’t telling enough, here are some more tidbits about Drive: They’re hella alt, hella scene and hella influenced by bands like Linkin Park, Evanescence and 30 Seconds to Mars. Take plenty of high-angled shots of yourself at the show to post on your MySpace afterward, because if you’re lucky enough, you just might end up on theirs as well.

Buildings Breeding, Tall Tales, Seth Pettersen

Friday, 9 p.m., $5

Primary Concepts at 219 E St.

Buildings Breeding, a home-grown indie-pop outfit, are no strangers to the local music scene. Along with the group in this “Cool As Folk presented show is Ventura-based Tall Tales, whose intimate slow-coustic should also draw in fans of Horse Feathers and Port O’Brien.

The Phenomenauts, The Secretions, Cobra Skulls, Ashtray

Saturday, 8 p.m., $10 in advance, $12 day of show

The Boardwalk in Orangevale

There’s no denying that Oakland band The Phenomenauts have a thing called personal – specifically, their own brand of space-themed rockabilly called “Rocket Roll and shows complete with spacesuits, flashing lights and toilet paper gun. Seasoned cadets (that’s how the band refers to its fans) will salute in honor, newcomers should shed the cynicism and accept such unabashed campiness.

Pregnant, Woman Year, Stag Hare, 60 Watt Kid, Conncet 9, Talibam

Sunday, 7 p.m., donations accepted

Villanova House

60 Watt Kid must be on to something good if they were able to confuse the more or less self-appointed almighty reviewers of Pitchfork. Moving from sonic, tranquil psychedelic to jarring garage, the band is as much Animal Collective or Talking Heads as they are Brian Eno and as much abstract art as they are mad science.

Wavves, Ganglians, Vampire Hands

Sunday, 8 p.m., $6

Luigis Fun Garden in Sacramento

Wavves made waves with his debut album Wavves, and the San Diegan is back at it again with his latest release Wavvves. Confusing? Perhaps, but it’s nothing compared to his music, an entirely strange but wholly compelling mix of distorted pop-punk, electronics and experimental noise.

Los Campesinos!

Tuesday, 8 p.m., $12

Harlows in Sacramento

British? Check. Cutesy and upbeat? Check and check. Clap Your Hands Say Yeah and Deerhoof fans, meet Los Campesinos!, a seven-piece indie outfit from Wales whose songs will get your hands clapping and your feet moving.

Jenny Lewis, Dawes

Wednesday, 6:30 p.m., $22.50 in advance, $25 day of show

Empire Events Center in Sacramento

Oh, Jenny Lewis, how I do I love thee? Let me count the ways: From your childhood acting days to fronting Rilo Kiley and from your country-tinged solo debut to your soulful sophomore release, you can do no wrong in mine eyes.

The Gaslight Anthem, Heartless Bastards

Wednesday, 7:30 p.m., $13 in advance, $15 day of show

The Boardwalk in Orangevale

They’re catchy, they’re sincere and they evoke an image of quaint all-American rock ‘n roll – I guess there’s a reason why New Jersey based band The Gaslight Anthem has been labeled as a baby Bruce Springsteen of sorts. After making a pit stop at the Boardwalk, the group will soon bring their punk-meets-blues stylings to the sweltering valley that is the Coachella Music Festival.

AT THE MOVIES

Rashomon

Monday, 6:30 p.m., $10 general admission, $5 with a student ID

Studio Theatre

As part of the Mondavi Center’sFocus on Filmseries, this season highlights works of influential Japanese director Akira Kurosawa. ART / GALLERY

David Edwards

Thursday, 6:30 p.m., free

Activities and Recreation Center, Ballrooms A and B

Harvard University biomedical engineer David Edwards will discuss his unique creative process of combining both disciplines as part of Art/Science Fusion program.

Getting Graphic: Discussion on Gender and Sexuality in Comics

Friday, noon to 5 p.m., free

Memorial Union East Conference Room

The library of the UC Davis Womens Research and Resource Center presents its first annual comic conference, which celebrates women writers and artists in the comic industry, with works that discuss gender, sexuality and mental health.

THEATER / MONDAVI

Linda Bair Dance Company: Turning Ten

Today and Friday at 8 p.m., Saturday at 2 and 7 p.m., $14 general admission, $10 with a student ID

Veterans Memorial Center Theatre at 203 E. 14th St.

The dance company will be performing some crowd favorites for their 10th birthday, including “Weight of the World and “One Mad Brunette. There will be also be a Q&A with the dancers following performances today and Saturday, and a free class will be taught by the company on Friday at 4:30 p.m. Tickets can be purchased at the Davis Art Center and at the door.

Main Stage Dance/Theatre Festival

Friday and Saturday at 8 p.m., $14 general admission, $10 with a student ID

Main Theatre, Wright Hall

Elements of dance and theater are combined for this annual festival, which will showcase six separate works from undergraduate students and MFA candidates. The festival starts tomorrow and will continue next weekend. To purchase tickets, visit theatredance.ucdavis.edu.

 

RACHEL FILIPINAS can be reached arts@theaggie.org.

5 Questions with … Joshua Clover

April is National Poetry Month, and in honor of the celebration, MUSE talked to UC Davis English professor and poet Joshua Clover, the author of poetry books Madonna anno domini and The Totality for Kids.

1. What first inspired you to begin writing poetry?

 

I’m not sure I really believe in inspiration, either when one begins writing poetry or for any given poem. People have been writing poems for millennia; it’s one of the things on the menu, like raspberries or riding a bicycle. I like those, too.

 

2. What is it that you love most about poetry and why?

 

For me, poetry is a mode of thought – a subset of the general category of thinking. It’s particularly good for thinking about some things and less so for others. The thing that makes poetry poetry and not something else is the way it sets up language structures – shapes, sounds, forms, arrangements on the page – and then moves through them, tries to make the structures feel and think, tries to think and feel those structures.

 

That sensation of “moving through structure well, it sounds sort of abstract, but it’s not. It’s a decent description of living in the world, of living in history, inside the social matrix, inside an economic system. These are the most concrete situations, where the actual stuff of life takes place – I keep on going back to poetry to think them through … Poetry is such a remarkable tool; it reaches after what wants to hide itself, what wants to escape.

 

3. Can you describe the process you go through when writing a poem – from your first thought on a particular subject to when you set the pen down to finish?

 

Probably not. It’s a little opaque to me. The first thing I should say is, I haven’t used a pen in years; can’t read my own handwriting. A poem usually starts with a phrase, a sound, a little rhetorical rhythm. I type it in and see if it proliferates. If it doesn’t, I save it for future occasion, a useful pebble. My work habits are a little uneven, but I’ll try and sit with the proto-poem a little bit each day, an hour maybe. I move very slowly. A line, two lines. I never write through to the end and then go back and fill things in; I know that works for some people, but for myself, I can’t imagine knowing what a poem is about when I start it.

 

There’s a way that it just doesn’t matter where you start. I could start writing a poem about how the moon is made of marmalade, or begin a sestina just because I think the world really needs one more sestina. For me what’s important is not to exclude; not to have the thought that poetry is supposed to do this, or not do that.

 

4. You have two collections of poems published (Madonna anno domini and The Totality for Kids). For someone who isn’t familiar with them, how would you describe the main theme of each and which would you say was your favorite to put together?

 

Critics who have written about these books probably have a better idea than I do. They feel very different to me, and I am more interested by the more recent one (The Totality for Kids), but that’s true of every poet. I think one underlying continuity is an interest in the modern, urban scene, and how it arises out of a dynamic that’s really devastating and requires all kinds of illusions and misrecognitions, but is also filled with real pleasures and sensual allure and mystery. Modernity is awful, so one has to take very seriously the question: Why do we stay?

 

5. If you could have lunch with any major poet in history, who would it be and why?

 

Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just, a French poet from the late 18th century who would acquire as much political power as any poet in history, albeit very briefly; he was beheaded in 1794. “He who makes a revolution by halves digs his own grave, he said, and also, “Happiness is a new idea in Europe. I would like to speak with him about terror.

MARIO LUGO can be reached at arts@theaggie.org.

Fourth Annual Search Party: Davis, Sponsored by the ASUCD Entertainment Council, KDVS 90.3 FM and The California Aggie

Student musicians, the spotlights are searching for you! It’s time for the annual campus media sponsored Search Party talent show. Co-sponsored by KDVS 90.3 FM, The California Aggie and the ASUCD Entertainment Council, Search Party gives UC Davisbudding musicians the opportunity to perform to the campus community. Submissions will be due by 4 p.m. on Apr. 17 to the office of KDVS 90.3 FM, located at 14 Lower Freeborn Hall.

The Search Party will take place in three rounds. First, all submissions will be listened to and judged by a panel of Entertainment Council, KDVS and Aggie staff representatives. Based on this judging, three winners will be announced and be given spreads in MUSE as well as air time on a KDVS show. The third round will be the live componentthe finalists will perform at the ASUCD Coffee House in May.

Please join the Facebook event group under the ASUCD Entertainment Council, look to issues of MUSE and listen to KDVS 90.3 for more information on the Search Party event.

 

Rules of entry are as follows:

Music group must include at least one UC Davis student or alumn.Paid staff members of campus media groups (KDVS 90.3. FM, The California Aggie and ASUCD Entertainment council) need not apply.Submit a full recording (EP or full length) to demonstrate the band’s ability to play a full live set at a concert. Indicate on the track listing the first/most appealing song you would like the judges to listen to.Include a brief paragraph to serve as a mission statement as to why your group should be considered, and a brief biography including information about the genre, band members and so on.All submissions are due by Apr. 17 at 4 p.m. in the lobby of KDVS, the campus radio station, located at 14 Lower Freeborn in theSearch Party Submissionsbox.

 

Contacts:

Thongxy Phansopha, EC Director, tphansopha@ucdavis.edu

Rachel Filipinas, Arts Editor, arts@theaggie.org

Ben Johnson, KDVS General Manager, gm@kdvs.org

 

Visit ec.ucdavis.edu, the Entertainment Council group on facebook.com or theaggie.org for more information.

Omission

0

In the Apr. 2 issue of The Aggie, the article “Government rewards people who bike to work,failed to mention that the $20 bike-to-work voucher is not available to UC Davis employees. The act passed by Congress only applied to employers who pay federal corporate taxes. Since the University of California does not pay federal corporate taxes, UC employees cannot receive this tax benefit. Furthermore, UC has not indicated that it would be willing to use its own funds to subsidize bike commuters. The Aggie regrets the omission.

Softball preview

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Teams: UC Davis vs. No. 25 Nevada

Records: Aggies, 19-16; Wolf Pack, 26-11

Where: LaRue Field

When: Today at 2:30 p.m.

Who to watch: Senior Belinda Paine went 4-for-8 and scored three runs from the leadoff spot over the weekend, helping the Aggies to a three-game sweep of Pacific.

A native of Lakewood, Calif., Paine leads UC Davis with a .333 batting average. The center fielder also has a team-best nine steals on 11 tries.

Did you know? The Aggies and Wolf Pack have used differing recipes to cook up success this season.

UC Davis gets it done in the pitcher’s circle, boasting a striking 1.08 team ERA. Nevada, meanwhile, lets its offense do the talking, as it’s posted an impressive .323/.405/.523 vital as a team.

Preview: The Aggies bring some momentum with them to LaRue Field this afternoon, as they’re working off a three-game winning steak.

Both UC Davispitchers and hitters found success in Saturday’s doubleheader against Pacific. Jessica Hancock threw a complete-game shutout in the first contest. The offense then put seven runs on the board in the second game to take the twin bill.

The Aggies pulled out a 5-4 come-from-behind win on Sunday to earn the sweep.

Nevada is coming off a 2-1 series win over Louisiana Tech. Starter Katie Holverson threw a shutout for the Wolf Pack on Sunday, earning her 16th victory of the season.

Sitting in first place in the Western Athletic Conference, Nevada’s potent offensive attack is led by Brittany Puzey. The outfielder leads the team in average (.396), on base percentage (.492) and slugging (.766).

 

Adam Loberstein 

Science Scene

Study finds boys trouble from the beginning

It turns out there may be some truth to the old wivestale that male babies cause more difficult pregnancies.

Researchers at the Tel Aviv University conducted a study of 66,000 births and found that pregnancies involving males had a higher rate of complication. They found an increased instance of problems like premature birth or Caesarian delivery.

Previous studies have had similar results. A 2002 study of over 90,000 births in 1988 and 1989 concluded that male births were 1.5 times as likely as female births to arrest in descent, which occurs when the fetus stops moving down during the pushing stage of labor.

A possible reason for the increased problems with male births could be that male fetuses have larger heads than females. Scientists have speculated that it could also be the result of higher levels of androgen in male pregnancies.

(Source: nytimes.com)

 

Infant mortality still a problem in U.S.

The United States has a higher infant mortality rate than 28 countries, including Cuba, Singapore, Japan and Hungary. In 1960, the U.S. had a higher rate than only 11 other countries.

While the U.S.s rate has been decreasing slightly, 28,000 babies under the age of 1 still die every year. This is usually due to preterm delivery, which saw an increase of 10 percent between 2000 and 2006.

There are significant differences in rates by race and ethnicity. American Indian, Puerto Rican, non-Hispanic black and Alaska Native women suffer from the highest rates of infant mortality. Central and South Americans, Asian and Pacific Islanders, Mexicans and Cubans have the lowest rates.

(Source: nytimes.com)

 

Rare dolphin population found off Bangladesh

Six thousand rare Irrawaddy dolphins were discovered in the waters off of Bangladesh, according to Wildlife Conservation Society.

The dolphins were found in the freshwater of Bangladesh’s Sundarbans mangrove forest and in the Bay of Bengal. Previously, the largest known population of the species was in the hundreds.

While conservationists don’t know exactly how many Irrawaddy dolphins remain, they are listed as a vulnerable species in the International Union of Conservation of Nature red list. This newly discovered population is already under threat from climate change and fishing nets.

The Irrawaddy dolphin is related to the killer whale and can grow up to 8 feet long. They generally are found in large rivers, estuaries and lagoons in South and Southeast Asia.

(Source: Associated Press)

ALYSOUN BONDE compiles Science Scene and can be reached at campus@theaggie.org. 

 

DNA of UCD

UC Davis professor Art Shapiro has spent most of his life studying butterflies. The Philadelphia native first discovered his love of nature and natural history as a young child, often taking long walks in the woods and New Jersey Pine Barrens.

After obtaining his bachelor’s degree in biology at the University of Pennsylvania in 1966, he earned his Ph.D. in entomology from Cornell University in 1970. While at Cornell, he attended Oxford University as a summer visiting researcher in the Department of Zoology. He later relocated to Davis in 1971 and has remained here ever since, except for the occasional “commute” to South America for his ongoing research project in the Andes.

 

Why did you decide to come to UC Davis?

I got a job here. I had been teaching in the City University of New York and got an offer here. The clincher was that UCD had probably the best genetics department in the country, and I would have a chance to interact with those folks (though that wasn’t my department). And UCD was a great deal like Cornell, where I got my Ph.D., so I felt right at home. Still do.

 

What is it about butterflies that make them special to you?

Who knows? I’ve been doing butterfly studies for so long – some 50 years – that they have become an integral part of who I am. I don’t question that. In a Zen sense, I do what I do because that’s what I do.

 

What does your research focus on about them?

Ecology, evolution and biogeography, all of which converge at the level of speciation (species formation – how do species arise, anyway?).

 

What’s your favorite type of butterfly? Why?

Probably the Cabbage White group, known as Pierines. I started out with them way back when and still work on them, only now a lot of that work is in temperate and montane South America. They are great experimental animals.

Do you keep any butterflies at home?

I used to raise Anise Swallowtails at home. Their caterpillars spray butyric acid when annoyed. Butyric acid smells like rancid butter and hangs in the air forever. My wife won’t allow them in the house any more. I can’t keep live adults in cages because the cats would get them – or on the veranda because of the mockingbirds and squirrels.

 

Tell me about your “Butterflies-for-Beer” contest.

One of the main foci of my research is seasonal adaptation. How do butterflies time their life cycles to match the weather? I use the common Cabbage Butterfly, Pieris rapae, as a bellwether. It’s important to know exactly when it emerges in late winter and I work very hard to keep track of it. I hit on the idea of generating competition by offering a prize for the first one of the year. The prize is a pitcher of beer. It’s a way of keeping myself honest. I usually win, but I’ve been beaten four times and tied once in 30-some years.

 

Why are butterflies important?

Mostly for esthetic and emotional reasons. They’re charismatic. Their economic importance is at best minor. A few are agricultural pests, and many are decent but not terribly important as pollinators. Basically, people like to look at them. They have, however, been immensely useful in basic ecological and evolutionary studies.

 

What’s your project in the Andes and Patagonia?

I began going to South America in 1977 and got hooked. I’ve been trying to reconstruct the evolutionary history and biogeography of the Pierines – Cabbage Butterflies – of the Andes and Patagonia, which include some of the world’s highest-altitude insects. I’ve been to 16,000 feet, but most species are in the 7,000 to 12,000 foot range. They were profoundly influenced by the Pleistocene Ice Ages and appear to be in great evolutionary ferment, speciating as we speak. Everything one learns about Andean butterflies is new to science. And it’s great fun to do the fieldwork! Recently I have been looking at how Andean butterflies are adapting to use exotic weeds as host plants, a phenomenon I have studied a great deal here in California too.

 

What do you normally teach at UCD and do you have a favorite?

I teach four specialized upper-division courses: EVE 138 (Tropical Ecology), 141 (Principles of Systematics), 147 (Biogeography), and 149

(Evolution of Ecological Systems, an advanced course in community ecology and coevolution). They’re all fun for me. I also teach two graduate courses – EVE 220 (Species and Speciation) and Geography 210 (Topics in Biogeography) and a graduate seminar, PBG 296 (Geographical Ecology). Next year I’ll be teaching EVE 101, the major’s ecology course, in winter quarter because we’re short-handed. I also facilitate the undergrad seminar, EVE 190 (this year we focused on “Intelligent Design” as an alternative to evolution), and often do freshman seminars (I did one last quarter in chemical ecology and am doing one this quarter called “The Old Roots of the New Age,” about the history of the occult and mysticism). I think my favorite is EVE 141 because it gives the students lots of opportunities to be creative in their homework.

 

What are some local butterflies people could easily identify?

Everybody thinks he/she knows what the Monarch looks like, but many people don’t. If you want to learn to sight-ID butterflies, visit my web site, butterfly.ucdavis.edu, or get my book, Field Guide to Butterflies of the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento Valley Regions (UC Press, 2007). Shameless plug, huh?

 

Is there anything else you’d like to tell students?

Of course, or I wouldn’t be a professor. Get away from the computer screen and get outdoors. If you’re not using your body, you’re not using your head.

ALYSOUN BONDE can be reached at campus@theaggie.org.

UCD scientists study the advantages of striped coloration

A recent study led by UC Davis researchers helps shed light on the puzzling and rarely researched question as to why certain animalslike skunks and zebrashave evolved to maintain contrasting color patterns.

“Why are skunks so successful?” asked Jennifer Hunter, a recent Ph.D. graduate who conducted the study for her dissertation.It’s because they have this amazing evolutionary tool that fends off predators.

For her research, Hunter built severalmounts“- realistic-looking sculptures covered in furthat effectively tricked the predator into thinking the mount was a skunk or a fox.

She used five different treatment types: a natural-colored skunk, a natural-colored grey fox, a grey fox dyed to mimic a skunk, a skunk dyed to mimic a grey fox and a control station where no mount was placed. She then used motion-sensitive cameras at 10 different sites across California to record the effect these deceiving sculptures had on different carnivores visiting the mount.

“For this study, I found that different coloration and shape worked and caused the predators to act differently,Hunter said.Predators were very nervous around the fake skunks, and it’s thought that their color patterns are memorable to predators.

In fact, it is thought that striped coloration serves as a warning signal, much like a rattlesnake’s rattle or the bright colors of a harmful butterfly, obtrusively letting the intruder know that the individual is well equipped with a defense.

“The skunk has the ability to spray a predator with a noxious odor,said Gail Patricelli, assistant professor of evolution and ecology. “[Skunks] must advertise this ability. It makes it easier for others to identify that you are a potentially dangerous individual.

This evolutionary advantage is likely to keep the individual alive longer, increasing the chance of producing offspring, thus making the individual more successful than its defenseless counterparts.

“In theory, [skunks] are supposed to be as obvious as possible to their predators,Hunter said.And if you don’t have to avoid your predators, you’re doing something that works very well.

But striped coloration is not only a skunk-specific advantage. Zebras, too, are striped black and white and possess an advantage much different than the skunk.

“One hypothesis is that it helps them blend into the herd,Patricelli said.If you’re an individual zebra you don’t want to be picked out by a predator. It’s virtually impossible [as a predator] to get one individual. This is called disruptive coloration.

With such a large mass of animals, disruptive coloration poses a major problem for the predator. As a whole, contrasting colorations can break up the body shape of a single animal.

“When the herd is running together it may be difficult for lions or hyenas to tell where one animal ends and the next begins,Hunter said in a later e-mail interview. This is thought todisguise the animal and should (in theory) make it more difficult to capture by predators.

Although evolutionary research has been studied for over a centuryespecially after the seminal publication of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species – research into the evolution of coloration has been a relatively recent endeavor, and there is much investigation yet to be done.

“The field has advanced so little in 100 years,Tim Caro stated, professor of wildlife, fish and conservation biology and co-author of Hunter’s thesis, in a February 2005 publication.Naturalistsanecdotes about mammalian coloration were never put to experimental test, and the generality of these ideasmost of them formulated on the basis of only one or a handful of speciesremained unexplored until very recently.

Other experts agree.

“People have been talking about how black and white colors might function for a long time, but there really has been very little science to test these hypotheses,Patricelli said.This coloration in particular is what we know very little about. We need careful experiments as to why these traits have evolved.

 

MICHAEL MILLER can be reached at campus@theaggie.org. 

Videos show HIV spreading through live cell-to-cell contact

Researchers at UC Davis and Mount Sinai School of Medicine have captured the first video footage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spreading between T cells through contact interfaces called virological synapses.

The groundbreaking study, which was published in the Mar. 27 issue of Science, provides evidence backing virological synapses (VS) as viable targets for developing new drugs to combat HIV infection.

There is currently no vaccine for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, and standard anti-viral drug therapies can help manage but not cure the disease.

The new study suggests that one reason treatments so far cannot completely eliminate HIV is that some of the virus is harbored by and transmitted directly through living T cells – vital components of the immune system that kick start the body’s defense mechanisms.

While the predominant belief held that HIV spreads inside the body as free particles after reproducing and bursting from infected T cells, lead author Benjamin Chen and colleagues at Mount Sinai discovered that stable adhesive contacts can dramatically enhance HIV transfer from infected to uninfected T cells through a distinct process involving VS.

“In lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes … there is likely to be a great deal of T cell interaction that could facilitate VS [formation],said Chen, an assistant professor at Mount Sinai.

When protected inside VS structures, the researchers argue, HIV can evade both the immune system and drugs that cannot penetrate the cell surface.

“Even though those drugs will kill off the free virus, they do not affect the virus that’s hiding in the cell,said study co-author Thomas Huser, an associate professor and chief scientist at the UC Davis Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology. “So we need a combination [of drugs] that prevents the synapses or somehow targets synaptic transfer through the VS, and inhibits the free virus.

To better understand HIV transmission through VS, Chen adapted the virus for imaging by creating a fully infectious clone that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) “taggedonto a structural protein needed for making new virus particles. The GFP molecule, originally isolated from a species of jellyfish, glows bright green when exposed to blue light and appears inside VS as green “buttons of concentrated viral proteins protruding from T cells infected with the HIV clone.

Using specialized microscopy methods developed at CBST, Huser and his team were able to visually track the movement of fluorescent HIV when infected cells stick to healthy cells by continuously collecting high-speed snapshots from different depths of field that were later merged to create 3D videos.

From hours of footage, the researchers observed viral proteins rapidly migrating inside infected cells to the contact sites within minutes. The VS form budding structures that then penetrate and release the accumulated viruses into attached target cells.

Furthermore, the newly infected cells appear to initially contain viruses inside distinct compartments called endosomes, mechanisms involving the internal scaffolding of cells that “nobody had thought before that HIV would use,Huser said.

“This work is only the beginning as there are loads of questions we have yet to ask that imaging and tracking may resolve,said study co-author Gregory McNerney, a biophysics graduate student at UC Davis. “We were very fortunate to have various specialists come together with the right tools and infrastructure to lift this project off the ground.

The researchers will next verify the process and identify specific components involved in VS mediated HIV transfer using longer-term image recording. For this purpose, they have created multiple HIV clones, each carrying modified versions of different viral proteins that have been tagged for fluorescence imaging to follow their fate after VS transmission into newly infected cells.

The work could translate over to other viruses known to spread in the same cell-to-cell route, such as HTLV-1, which can cause leukemia or an autoimmune syndrome, the researchers said.

The imaging methods will also be used to screen for drugs that can effectively target VS or inhibit HIV transfer, Huser said.

 

ELAINE HSIA can be reached at campus@theaggie.org.

Restoring vision abroad

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UC Davis Medical Center is one of the top 50 hospitals in the nation, and its doctors are able to give first-class care to patients in the Sacramento region.

But for the past few years, a handful of Davis ophthalmologists and professors have extended their care to those in need worldwide through the ORBIS International Flying Eye Hospital.

ORBIS, a nonprofit whose mission is to eliminate preventable blindness in developing countries, uses the FEH to train foreign doctors in modern treatment methods.

According to Dr. James Brandt, professor of ophthalmology and director of the Glaucoma Service at the UC Davis Medical Center, ORBIS is unique in its approach.

ORBIS is different from many health-related NGOs [non-governmental organizations] in that its focus is on training and the development of infrastructure, not the direct delivery of care – except care delivered as part of training,said Dr. Brandt in an e-mail interview.It deals with education, helping local doctors set up infrastructure for self-sustaining programs.

Prior to arrival, ORBIS receives permission from their host program (usually the health ministry) for the FEH. In addition, the program requires a local medical school or ophthalmology residency program, and a hospital or comparable medical facility with reasonably up-to-date equipment. Finally, the FEH also requires a runway able to land a DC-10 aircraft.

Upon landing for their one week stay, the doctors immediately begin a hectic work schedule.

“We examine patients that are candidates for surgery or other procedures. Local doctors select patients they want us to become involved with, and when we get there the first day, we examine the patients, determine if we agree with assessment plans, do the procedures with local doctors, and then examine the patients afterwards,explained Dr. Susanna S. Park, an associate professor of ophthalmology and vision science.

During her stay in Trujillos, Peru in February, Dr. Park saw approximately 20 to thirty 30 patients a day, discussing with local physicians different treatments for specific cases. Park said the most rewarding aspects of the trip were the immediate and long-term differences she was able to make by offering her expertise.

“There were patients with diabetic retinopathy, and if they didn’t get proper laser treatment, they would have gone blind, so I know we made a huge impact,she said.

Dr. Brandt echoed Dr. Park’s sentiments, even when work didn’t deal directly with patients.

“Many of the places we visit have modern equipment sitting in the corner, covered with dust. ORBIS trains local engineers on how to maintain the equipment,he said.In one instance, a regional eye hospital had three operating rooms dedicated to ophthalmology, but two of the three surgical microscopes were broken. By repairing [them] and training the local biomedical engineer on how to maintain the equipment, ORBIS was able to triple the output of the hospital – that’s just as big an impact as training local surgeons in new techniques.

In keeping with their mission, ORBIS volunteer faculty maintain contact with local physicians after trips to assure that their instruction will pay forward long after they leave.

According to Dr. Annie Baik, a clinical glaucoma fellow at the UC Davis Medical Center who accompanied ORBIS to Peru, the experience continues.

“There’s always a line of communication … and I still e-mail [one of the residents there] regularly,Dr. Baik said.I personally learned a lot from what we did there; it gives you a different perspective on medicine, outside from your normal scope of practice.

Since its inception in 1982, the FEH has visited over 70 different countries and have saved the sight of millions of individuals.

ORBIShumanitarian efforts are made possible by support from various companies, including United Airlines and FedEx, as well as from private individuals.

Visit orbis.org to find out more about the Flying Eye Hospital and information on how to donate.

 

ANDRE LEE can be reached at features@theaggie.org.

 

Daily Calendar

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TODAY

Enroll in a day

9 a.m. to 4 p.m.

Education Abroad Center, 207 Third St.

Stop by and learn how you can enroll in summer abroad in just one day. Refreshments will be provided!

 

Kickoff meeting for Davis College Democrats

6 p.m.

230 Wellman

The DCD are back again and would love to answer your questions! If you’ve ever wondered about the Democratic Party or DCD, stop by and learn more!

 

THURSDAY

Enroll in a day

9 a.m. to 4 p.m.

Education Abroad Center, 207 Third St.

Stop by and learn how you can enroll in summer abroad in just one day. Refreshments will be provided!

 

Running for Congress

6 p.m.

230 Wellman

Listen to retired Army Lt. Col. Charlie Brown speak. He ran for U.S. Congress in California’s fourth Congressional District, a known Republican stronghold. Learn how he nearly won in 2006 and 2008! Both Lt. Col. Brown and his field director will talk.

 

The Passion of the Christ screening

7 p.m.

1001 Giedt

The film will be screened, followed by a panel-led discussion and an open mic for students. The topic discussed after the film will beWho Is Jesus?” Free baked goods will be provided.

 

Willow Clinic fundraiser

7 to 9 p.m.

MU Games Area

Go to this fundraiser for a chance to win raffle prizes for local businesses and a silent auction for expensive prizes!

 

Legacy of a Prophet: Muhammad

7:30 to 9:30 p.m.

234 Wellman

Go to Islam Awareness Week’s second eventa short film entitled Legacy of a Prophet: Muhammad.

 

FRIDAY

Enroll in a day

9 a.m. to 4 p.m.

Education Abroad Center, 207 Third St.

Stop by and learn how you can enroll in summer abroad in just one day. Refreshments will be provided!

 

A Brighter Future for Afghanistan charity banquet

7 to 11 p.m.

ARC Ballroom

The Afghan Cultural Show is designed to educate Davis community members about the Afghan culture, politics and society. Tickets are available at Freeborn Hall or tickets.com. For more information, contact Sahar at (925) 321-5849.

 

SATURDAY

Hoop Happening

1 to 4 p.m.

Davis Central Park, 401 C St.

This event is a free Hoop Jam and workshop for all skill levels. Hoops will be provided, but you can also bring your own. Music will be provided by DJ TAO and DJ VEE.

 

 

To receive placement in the AGGIE DAILY CALENDAR, e-mail dailycal@theaggie.org or stop by 25 Lower Freeborn by noon the day prior to your event. Due to space constraints, all event descriptions are subject to editing, and priority will be given to events that are free of charge and geared toward the campus community. 

UC Davis graduate student wins $10,000 environmental grant from Brita

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UC Davis graduate student Kelly Garbach recently won a $10,000 grant from the Brita FilterForGood Ecochallenge to increase awareness about the importance of conserving the natural habitats within farmlands.

Garbach’s project focuses on community education about the importance of forests.

“The project centers around conserving remnant trees and patches of forest habitat in farm lands,Garbach said in an e-mail interview. She is currently in Costa Rica conducting research and hosting environmental workshops as part of the grant project and her dissertation research.

Ecochallenge is an extension of the Brita FilterForGood campaign, which encourages people to use reusable water bottles rather than bottled water.

The goal of the Ecochallenge was to challenge students to make their campuses greener and more environmentally friendly, said Becky Verhey, a spokesperson for Brita in an e-mail interview.

“We were hoping to challenge college students to develop programs to make campus life more sustainable,said Drew McGowan, senior group manager at Brita.

Proposals from graduate and undergraduate applicants were judged on creativity, benefit to the environment, educational impact, diversity of ideas, feasibility and effective use of time and budget, Verhey said.

Garbach wrote an extensive grant proposal and competed against 100 other applicants five winners total received $10,000 to implement their proposals.

She said the workshops attract a range of individuals in Costa Rica from elementary school groups to research scientists and policy makers.

“Everyone relies on the services provided by farms and areas of natural habitats,Garbach said.The diverse project participants reflect different ways the community members recognize and have become involved.

Garbachs project is both long-term and short-term. While her community presentations are continuing through this year, she hopes to do a follow up study on the UC Davis farm next year.

She also plans on continuing to collaborate in Davis with the Agricultural Sustainability Institute as well as the Center for Tropical Agriculture Research and Education in Costa Rica, which focuses on long-term ecological monitoring and conservation in Costa Rica.

When not educating the world about the environment, Garbach is a Ph.D. candidate in the Graduate Group in Ecology. The grant is supporting her fieldwork and is helping toward large long-term research projects.

“I love getting to work with people from all over the world to address stewardship of our shared natural resourcesGarbach said.

The Ecochallenge grant program is on its first year, but McGowen said that he hopes it will continue to expand in coming years.

“The hope is that by spurring these ideas and discussions that college students across the country will do more and more,McGowen said.This starts with five colleges and it will increase each year.

 

 

 

KELLY KRAG ARNOLD can be reached at features@theaggie.org. 

 

And then I found 5 dollars

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I was watching old episodes of “The Office the other day because that’s what I do when I have tons of work and no motivation to do it. For those of you who aren’t familiar with this particular show, you’re missing out. To give you a short summary, this mockumentary follows a group of people and their mundane lives working in a paper supply office. Think “Seinfeld in an office, but funny.

Anyway, the episode I’m watching has everyone in an uproar discussing whether or not Hilary Swank is hot. Half the office thinks she is and half thinks she isn’t. Cue Kelly Kapoor, the office joke who is ridiculous for the simple fact that she is the epitome of all things stereotypicallygirly.She is crying because half the office thinks Hilary Swank isn’t hot and since Kelly is definitely not as attractive as Hilary, then she can’t be hot either. The sane part of me laughs at the absurdity of the situation. However, another (very small) part of me sympathized with Kelly. This is when I realized that no matter how unique or off-kilter any girl might think she is, we all have at least a little Kelly in us.

I’m someone who used to consider herself somewhat of a tomboy when she was young. Translation: My awkward stage lasted longer than expected, and to make up for that I decided that I wasn’t thetypical girl.Sure, I grew out of it, but the mentality that I wasn’t agirly-girlstayed with me. As shocked as I was to realize that on some level I related to Kelly (the personification of girliness), I should have seen the signs. Here are a couple things that should have clued me into the fact that I share way too many qualities with thestereotypical girl:

Makeup. I really love makeup. I’m not saying it’s the same for all girly-girls. Some love bags. For others, it’s clothes in general. The most common and well-known obsession is shoes. But for me, makeup is my totally unnecessary, necessary buy whenever I’m at the store. When I think of heaven, it eerily resembles a Sephora, but with more clouds and less unflatteringly bright lights.

Sparkly things. What girly-girl doesn’t love sparkly things? I actually had an entire conversation with my sister about gold, sparkly, spandex pants. She decided against them, but I think she could have pulled them off (no pun intended).

Drama. No one ever admits to liking drama. But if you’re a girly-girl and you’re not directly involved in it, it’s more fun than a barrel of monkeys – which is actually really entertaining if you’re interested in a trip down memory lane. There’s a reason that “The Hills remains on the air and that more people read Perez Hilton than The New York Times. Drama is perpetuated and sustained by many a girly-girl.

Sports. When people say,You run like a girl,I’m that girl they’re referring to. I envy those women who can actually run 10 miles without getting tired, or set a volleyball without sending it flying in the opposite direction. However, I am no Mia Hamm and I eventually learned that it’s just better for everyone if I avoid throwing, hitting and attempting to run altogether.

Shopping. This could just be a habit that formed when I was 10 and the cool thing to do was go to the mall with your friends every weekend, but shopping is the cure-all of the girl world. When I’m sad, shopping makes me feel better. When I’m happy, it’s a great way to celebrate. Even if it’s just window shopping, there’s something about being in a mall that’s just therapeutic.

I’m not saying that this is the same for all girls. In fact, there are many beautiful, strong women out there that have carved their own identities and established careers, families and lives around their individuality. I’m just saying that I’m not one of them. Don’t get me wrong, I have many redeemable qualities (or so my mommy tells me), but my undeniable girliness is not among them.

DANIELLE RAMIREZ wants to know if anyone else can relate to being too girly. If you can, e-mail her at dramirez@ucdavis.edu.