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A guide to study abroad

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Thinking of studying abroad, but have no idea where to start?

UC Davis offers a wide variety of study abroad options to serve a range of needs. When choosing a program, students have to consider length of stay, housing, language and internships offered, among other things.

The nine students below have weighed in on their study abroad experiences and offer advice to potential travelers.

Quarter Abroad:

If you’re restricted by time or finances, you might go abroad for only a quarter.

Naseem Rad, a fourth-year neurobiology, physiology and behavior major, spent a total of five months in Madrid, Spain during Fall Quarter of her third-year.
Rad said she would have loved to stay for more than a quarter, but found it difficult to find science classes related to her major. Instead, she took Spanish language classes and was able to add a Spanish minor after her return to Davis.

“It was a good experience in making a home for yourself,” Rad said. “I had neighborhoods that I knew really well, and a lunch place that I loved to go to.”
According to Rad, it was odd to come back to Davis after spending time abroad because her last quarter had been so vastly different than that of her classmates.

“You’ve been doing and seeing so much, but it seemed like nothing had changed at all in Davis,” Rad said. “But of course everyone was excited to have me back and to hear about my trip.”

Year Abroad:
Studying abroad for an entire year is a big commitment, both of time and money. However, to fifth-year mechanical engineering major Colin Brown, it was worth it.

Brown went abroad to Madrid, Spain through the UC Education Abroad Program which allows students to commit for either a semester or a year at a time, with the option to extend their programs.

One of Brown’s biggest concerns going into his year abroad was that his relationships with people from home would change in his absence.

“I was worried that everyone was going to forget about me, but I actually found that that doesn’t happen,” Brown said. “You think about what you’re going to miss out on while you’re gone, but then there are the crazy things that you experience over there, [abroad].”

He said that homesickness was never a real issue for him, but that during the last month of his stay in Spain, he was ready to come home.

Instead of worrying about missing out back home, he said his biggest piece of advice is to just put yourself out there from the beginning.

“Of course it can be uncomfortable, but the earlier you face that fact head on and dive into it, the better your experience is going to be,” Brown said.

Different Language:

Cory Forbes, a fourth-year international relations major, attended classes at the University of Florence in Florence, Italy last fall, while having no knowledge of the Italian language prior to his trip.

“I figured that it would be overwhelming, but it was a lot more overwhelming than I thought it would be,” Forbes said. “But after two or three months there, I only used Italian when I went out.”

According to Forbes, the rapidness of speech in Italy was also difficult to adjust to.

“The main thing when people are speaking fast is to catch a few simple phrases that you know, and then try to piece together what they’re asking,” Forbes said. “Italians would notice when your Italian was struggling and would switch over to English, and that’s when you know you’re not doing well speaking Italian.”

Forbes, who is now continuing his study of Italian at UC Davis, said that it was much easier to learn the language while abroad.

“My language usage and grammar was better, and I got more of a grasp on the language,” Forbes said. “Here, it’s a little spottier because we don’t meet as much and the lessons aren’t fully in Italian.”

Internships Abroad and Working with Different Languages:

Taylor Chin, a fourth-year neurobiology, physiology and behavior major, spent fall quarter of his third-year in Oaxaca, Mexico attending classes and participating in a health-related internship at a local clinic.

Chin said he was able to see things on his trip that he would never have been able to in the United States as an undergraduate student.

“I saw natural births and C-sections, and some different kinds of surgeries,” Chin said. “In the U.S., we don’t have the freedom of seeing those types of procedures, but in Mexico we were more free as students to see whatever we wanted to see.”

Since Chin went to Mexico without any knowledge of Spanish, he did experience a language barrier in the hospitals, but found that local doctors were willing to help with communication.

“I didn’t know what I was getting into, and it was challenging because all of the people only speak Spanish,” Chin said. “But the doctors and patients that I worked with were willing to listen to me, and the experience improved my communication skills in both English and Spanish.”

For fourth-year history major Dana Bugaj, the language barrier served as a deterrent, leading her to choose an Australian placement through the University Writing Program.

“I chose Australia because it would allow me to do my internship in an English-speaking country,” Bugaj said. “I felt like I would get more out of it without the language barrier.”

Bugaj also wanted to assimilate into the work environment, and said that she felt that she would always be the foreigner if she didn’t study in a country that spoke English as the primary language.

Homestay:

In most study abroad programs, students have the option between a homestay with a family, or living in their own apartment in the city.

Jillian Giblin, a second-year exercise biology major, spent last summer in a Granada, Spain homestay program. She said she chose the homestay because she wanted to immerse herself fully into the culture of Spain.

“People who lived in apartments on their own didn’t acclimate as much to the differences between the U.S. and Spain,” Giblin said. “I made a lasting connection with my host parents, who[m] I now call my parents. I ate meals with them and hung out with them, and it really integrated me into their culture.”

For a successful homestay, Giblin believes it’s important that students are flexible.

“I know people had issues with their host parents because they weren’t willing to follow the rules and the ways of living,” Giblin said. “It is a different feeling than the typical college experience, because you’re living with them, and by the end of the trip, it’s like you’re living with your parents.”

She said she recommends that students go into homestays if they’re studying abroad mainly for a cultural experience.

“When you’re living with other American students, you can miss out on the different culture,” Giblin said.

Apartment:
Erin Golackson, a fourth-year anthropology major chose to stay in an apartment in France because she knew that at the end of the day, she would want some personal space.

“I knew that I would be speaking a lot of French day to day, and be immersed in the culture all day long, which can be mentally grading,” Golackson said. “I wanted to have my own space to come home and unwind, whereas a homestay can be intimidating because you have to come home and experience all of the nuances of the culture.”

Prior to her travels in Europe, Golackson said she had a fantastic experience in an Australian homestay program. Golackson said that the idea of living alone in Paris really appealed to her, and ended up staying in a small studio apartment.

According to Golackson, the main thing to think about when choosing between a homestay and an apartment, is to know yourself.
“Know your tendencies and what you need in a living situation,” Golackson said. “No matter what, try to acquaint yourself with the culture before you go.”

Food/Entertainment
Food makes up a significant part of traveling abroad and experiencing other cultures. Caity Tremblay, a third-year comparative literature major, spent time in both Egypt and Morocco, and shared some of her experiences with food and entertainment in the two countries.

One of Tremblay’s most vivid memories was when she witnessed a sheep being slaughtered for a three-day festival.

“I didn’t take it as well as I thought I would. Others were able to watch and then eat it, and I kind of half watched and then couldn’t eat it,” Tremblay said. “I couldn’t take the [sheep] screaming, that was very upsetting for me.”

Tremblay realized that food preparation was a major cultural difference between Morocco and the United States.

“We’re very separated from that in America, we’re not normalized to it,” Tremblay said. “It also means that we’re not very aware of where our food comes from and what it actually means to be eating animals every day. When I came back to the states and went to the grocery store, the meat section disgusted me.”

In Egypt, Tremblay said the food options were fascinating, citing the iconic food of “koshari,” a substantial soup made of lentils, garbanzo beans and noodles in a lemony tomato sauce.

“In Egypt, we went out to hookah bars, which are really popular there. It’s not like here,” Tremblay said. “In Morocco, we went to a classic belly dancing performance, but I think that it was mostly set up for tourists. I got the impression that belly dancing was generally more of a private or intimate thing.”
In general, Tremblay said that people were really respectful of her food choices as long as she was not uptight about it.

“People were accommodating and wanted you to have a good experience,” Tremblay said.

How to apply:
To apply for a study abroad program, students can visit the UC Davis Study Abroad Office on 207 Third St. Suite 120 or go online to studyabroad.ucdavis.edu.
For fall or summer 2014 programs, Enrollment Packet materials are due by April 4, 2014.

Submit the items below with your enrollment forms:
– 1 2” x 2” color headshot with your name, program, and 2014 written on the back.
– $300 non-refundable deposit, (check or money order made out to “UC Regents”)
– Enrollment Checklist printed from studyabroad.ucdavis.edu
– Statement of Intent to Enroll
– Health Clearance
– Unofficial transcript
– Copy of valid passport or receipt/proof that you have applied for one.
– Summer or Quarter Abroad contract

Oil trains put City of Davis at risk of explosions

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Davis resident Lynne Nittler, founder of the Yolano (Yolo/Solano) Climate Action Central, was shocked to discover an imminent threat running through the heart of town.

Currently, hundreds of barrels of unrefined oil from North Dakota cross through Davis to reach their destination at  an oil refinery in Benicia. Due to the several safety and environmental hazards associated with this trek, local citizens like Lynne Nittler have voiced their opposition to this type of oil transport, which is also known as “crude by rail.”

“This is not my favorite kind of topic I tell you. I would much rather be doing carbon footprint stuff, and I would much rather be gardening than to be consumed with oil trains … Yuck! Yuck! Yuck!” Nittler said. “But we found this issue and we couldn’t turn our backs on it.”

Aftering following and researching the issue, Nittler discovered that the issue of oil trains is also affecting nearby cities like Benicia. After moving through Davis, the unrefined oil continues to Benicia, and currently, the Valero Oil Company has proposed building an oil terminal, meaning that even more oil trains will be arriving there.

As Benicia residents became more concerned with the proposal, nearby cities, like Davis, and others organizations have joined in on the controversial topic.

The National Resource Defense Council (NRDC), an environmental advocacy organization, crafted a 30-page research-intensive document outlining safety issues and specific impacts on 12 different groups across the nation, including Benicia.

“There were another 11 or so groups scattered across the country, meaning the exact issue they [Benicia] are facing, 11 other communities in the United States are facing too,” Nittler said.

Although concern has grown in the city of Benicia, the Benicia City Council will have the ultimate vote on whether to construct a new rail station in the city.

According to Nittler, the NRDC showed up at the Benicia Planning Commission meeting this summer prepared with a 100-page document stating all the reasons why an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) was in fact required.

“Valero was shocked. They said there is not an issue here, there is no danger, it’s just a larger rail terminal, we’ll just be bringing in some new oil to refine and it will all be fine,” Nittler said. “Some residents then asked, ‘Are we sure we want more rails and more trains coming in? Are we sure we want a train sitting there blocking our traffic through our downtown?’”

After several meetings, the City of Benicia decided that an EIR must be required and will be releasing a draft EIR in March 2014, and it will be open for public comment for 45 days.

Nittler believes that this will allow up-rail communities like Davis to not only voice their concerns, but extend their support.

Along with Matt-Biers Ariel and Milton Kalish of Cool Davis, a local organization which focuses on aspects of climate change, Nittler decided to alert the National Resources Commission of Davis of what she says is a dire situation.

“I asked the Natural Resources Commission to make a recommendation to our City Council to comment on the EIR. I also asked them to invite all of our neighboring up-rail [communities] to sign the document,” Nittler said. If we can get as many cities to sign on, that becomes much more powerful. So that was our goal.”

If the City Council does make an official comment, Nittler said that it can be sent to federal and state regulatory offices where it may be influential.

“We want the City Council to come out with a statement about what needs to be done to make the trains safer and that needs to go out at the federal level because it is all regulated at the federal level,” Kalish said. “We figured that as an official city government, they have more standing and more clout and credibility than a band of activists.”

Along with gaining the support of City Council, Kalish agrees that collaboration among up-rail communities will be essential in exposing the multiple safety and environmental issues.

“There is a huge national debate on safety right now,” Nittler said. “I have to read five to 10 articles every night to keep up.”

Due to the fragility of old train tracks (trestle tracks), accidents have been on the rise all over the United States since 2012. Additionally, the 60 foot long, 10 foot high tank cars are extremely heavy, and the trains often have around 50 to 100 cars and can span for over a mile.

“These trains are potential bombs. It is as if we were playing Russian Roulette,” Biers-Ariel said. “There will be explosions with these trains because the current tankers, DOT-111As, were not meant to carry oil, but non-flammable material. So all we can do is cross our fingers and hope Davis doesn’t have a major accident.”

As of now, companies that run and maintain the tankers have stated that it would take 10 years to phase in newer, stronger cars.

“This is a huge public threat of imminent death. It should be actually not only illegal, but criminal to be filling these tank cars and sending them out through our communities,” Nittler said.

Over the course of the train’s journey to the refinery, the trains are routed over the Sierra Nevadas, down through Feather Canyon, Roseville, Sacramento, West Sac, across the causeway, through Davis, Dixon, and across the Suisun and the marshes.

“It is a very dangerous route all the way,” Nittler said. “So that’s one train of thought.”

In addition to potential explosions, the probability of oil spillage also lurks around the corner. When the trains cross through Davis, they chug along the side of watersheds and ecosystems which support the health of wildlife.

In response to the oil by train issue, Gov. Jerry  Brown recently placed an extra $6.7 million to the California Department of Fish & Wildlife and the Office of Spill, Prevention and Response.

Although Nittler is happy that more government agencies are recognizing the dangers that the trains pose, she also said it confirms her fears about future catastrophic events.

“They are setting this money aside in anticipation of issues with these trains. I’m not sure if that is exactly comforting or not,” Nittler said. “There is the hope that they will have emergency plans in place, they are aware that danger is coming to us, and somebody speaking about the danger, so I guess that’s comforting.”

Nittler and Kalish agree that it is fortunate that the crude by rail issue is garnering national recognition as prominent media sources like National Geographic and the The New York Times publish more stories on the subject. Recently, Nittler herself was interviewed on the topic for two hours by Marketplace: National Public Radio (NPR).

“When major media sources are finally picking up on it, that really helps. There have been major accidents and people are beginning to realize that [these trains] are running through their communities and they just don’t know it,” Nittler said.

Looking into the future, Nittler holds on to the hope that even if the new station in Benicia is built, their letters and outcry will continue to heat the national debate and place pressure on agencies for negotiations at the national level.

“Even if we can’t stop it locally, it really does matter. It is a worthwhile outcry,” Nittler said. “Railroads were built to connect communities, not endanger them. What community wants to have this degree of hazard running through it?”

Union cancels strike on one front, calls for strike vote on other

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On March 4, AFSCME 3229, the union that represents University of California (UC) service workers and also other service and patient care workers at the different UC medical centers, announced that the 12,000 AFSCME 3229 patient care workers plan to hold an unfair labor practice strike vote on March 12 to 13.

UC service workers provide groundskeeping, facilities maintenance, custodial and food services at UC campuses, medical centers and research labs. According to AFSCME’s website, 99 percent of AFSCME workers are currently income eligible for some form of public assistance.

After almost two years of intense negotiations between AFSCME 3229 service workers and the UC, a tentative agreement was announced on Feb. 27, prompting AFSCME to call off the five-day strike scheduled for the week of March 3.

The tentative contract for UC service workers includes a 13.5 percent across-the-board wage increase over the next four years, healthcare benefits for employees and retirees and safe staffing protections, including limits on the UC’s ability to hire outside contractors.

According to AFSCME spokesman Todd Stenhouse, the proposed strike forced the UC’s hand.

“The cost of a strike was far greater than the cost of a settlement for UC,” Stenhouse said. “The ball was always in their court and it was a question of whether they were going to honor their responsibility as a world-class institution. On [Feb. 26], they finally chose to come to the table in a spirit of compromise.”

Eight thousand three hundred service workers were set to strike from March 3 to 7, along with 13,000 patient care technical workers also represented by AFSCME 3229 who voted in favor of a sympathy strike. UC anticipated the cost of the strike at approximately $10 million.

“It is good to have this bargaining wrapped up with a deal on its way to our valued service employees,” said Dwaine B. Duckett, UC vice president of human resources. “Ultimately both sides chose compromise over conflict.”

According to AFSCME workers, by allowing service workers and contractors to enter public service eligibility, the UC was transferring its labor costs onto California taxpayers.

“We have finally reached a historic agreement with UC that will pull thousands of its full-time employees out of poverty and begin to rectify staffing practices that needlessly put our members and the people they serve at risk,” said Kathryn Lybarger, AFSCME 3299 president, in a press release. “Our members are deeply grateful to the thousands of students, faculty, colleagues, elected officials and everyday taxpayers who have stood with us and stood for the principles of fairness and dignity that bind every member of the UC community.”

AFSCME received an outpouring of support from students, elected officials, faculty and UC regents during the bargaining process.

“After years of giving huge salaries to executives, it is time for the UC to show its lowest paid workers that they are a valued part of the UC family,” tweeted UC Regent and California Lt. Governor Gavin Newsom.

A number of California state representatives, the California Labor Federation and the Council of UC Faculty Associations also voiced solidarity with the service workers of AFSCME.

“UC workers are an integral part of our university, from student life to the health of the patients at UC medical centers,” said Kareem Aref, president of the University of California Student Association, in a press release. “The members of AFSCME 3299 deserve as much care and support as they give to the UC system, and UC students will stand with its workers for the respect, safety, and fair wages that all UC workers deserve.”

While the service workers have seen this long bargaining process to its end, AFSCME 3229’s patient care unit has yet to reach a compromise with UC after over 22 months of bargaining.

“I hope that this spirit of compromise will continue in the ongoing negotiations with the patient care unit,” Stenhouse said.

A ratification vote on the new contract will be held for AFSCME 3229 service workers on March 5 to 7.

This week in senate: March 6, 2014

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ASUCD Vice President Bradley Bottoms presided over the weekly senate meeting on Feb. 27. The meeting was called to order at 6:10 p.m.

Senate then proceeded to unit reports. Unit directors from Unitrans and STS/Tipsy Taxi presented. STS director Jay Chou announced that the unit will be hiring someone to take his position beginning finals week.

Senator Jonathan Mitchell walked in at 6:46 p.m.

During appointments and confirmations, senators confirmed Mina Arasteh to the Environmental Policy and Planning Commission. Next, senate moved to committee reports, and the Unit Relocation Space Allocation Committee and the Marketing Committee presented. The Marketing Committee announced that the usage of the ASUCD logo, discussed in ASUCD bylaw 16, will hereafter be allowed if used in certain colors.

After public announcements, Senator Gareth Smythe motioned to have the senate see Senate Bill #50, which limits the length of breaks during senate meetings to 30 minutes unless otherwise made public 48 hours prior to the meeting. Senator Katie Sherman made a small grammatical correction to the bill, and then senate then passed it 11-0-1.

Senate then motioned to re-refer Senate Bill #48, which would create a Renovations and Construction Committee, back to the Internal Affairs Commission.

Next, senate motioned to table Senate Bill #47, which calls for senate to have a quarterly town hall-style meeting, and did so with a 11-0-1 vote.

The meeting then moved into ex-officio reports. Jenna Wooster, chairperson of the External Affairs Commission, announced she is retiring from her position after Winter Quarter.

Dana Sever, chairperson of the Academic Affairs Commission (AAC), said that the commission is looking at potential alternatives to Saturday finals. Also, Sever said that the AAC is looking for a professor to host the next “Last Lecture” event for Spring Quarter.

Spencer McManus, Internal Affairs Commission chair, spoke about the updates to SISWEB, which include a new schedule-building tool in addition to more customization options.

Senate then moved back into appointments and confirmations, briefly interviewing and then accepting four candidates to the Student Health and Wellness Committee.

Senator Miles Thomas motioned to move into consideration of old legislation. Senate Bill #55, which would allocate money from the KDVS reserves to buy six new computers for the station, passed unanimously.

ASUCD President Carly Sandstrom addressed her decision to veto Senate Bill #41, which would amend the ASUCD bylaws to somewhat mirror California’s Brown Act of 2003, which calls for open meetings for local government bodies. She cited politically incorrect language, logistical concerns and unfeasible legislation as her reasons for the veto.

Thomas, who authored the bill, said a follow-up bill was in the works, and that Sandstrom should not have waited until the bill had been passed almost unanimously (10-0-2) through senate to voice her concerns with the bill.

A motion by Thomas to divide the house on overturning the veto was not seconded.

Next, Smythe motioned to move the meeting to elected officer reports. After the reports, senate moved to orders of the day. Bottoms and McManus announced two upcoming court cases: Thomas v. Sandstrom on March 3 and Kinsey v. Gonzales on March 8.

The meeting moved to public discussion. ASUCD Controller Eric Evans discussed future plans for the ASUCD post office and the Experimental College. Senator Mariah Watson then motioned to call a closed section meeting for next week regarding “personnel matters.” Senators and the public then discussed more efficient methods of obtaining and publishing senate meeting minutes.

Finally, senate approved the minutes from the Feb. 13 senate meeting.

Bottoms adjourned the meeting at 10:05 p.m.

 

— Scott Dresser

 

UC Davis holds Principles of Community week

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Feb. 24 kicked off the Principles of Community week at UC Davis. The event, which occurs annually near the end of February, serves as an opportunity for students and faculty alike to facilitate the growth of a community respectful of people’s differences as well as to evaluate how well the UC Davis community follows our Principles of Community.

The UC Davis Principles of Community (POC) state: “We recognize that each of us has an obligation to the community of which we have chosen to be a part. We will strive to build a true community of spirit and purpose based on mutual respect and caring.”

The week allows students the opportunity to collaborate among themselves in order to fulfill the mission of the POC. Planned in conjunction with ASUCD, student organizations and graduate coalitions, POC week gave students the ability to establish a deeper connection with their own cultural heritage and also to increase their awareness of outside cultures.

“It means creating opportunities for us to connect,” said Mikael Villalobos, the Administrator of Diversity Education in the Office of Campus Community Relations at UC Davis.

The week, which included activities both on the Sacramento campus (the UC Davis Health System Center) as well as the Davis campus, began on Monday with a reaffirmation ceremony led by Julie A. Freischlag, M.D. the new Vice Chancellor for Human Health Sciences and also the Dean of the School of Medicine, at the Sacramento campus.

According to Vickie Gomez, the Diversity Coordinator in the Office of Campus Community Relations at UC Davis, the reaffirmation ceremony welcomed the new vice chancellor and also highlighted how to “better live the experience of community and fully integrate the Principles in all aspects.”

At the Davis campus, the POC week began with a Cultural Awareness Night at the Memorial Union on Feb. 24 that was attended by students, staff and Chancellor Linda P.B. Katehi. The event featured music groups (the Bomba Fried Rice Band and Mariachi Cielito Lindo Band), dance groups and spoken word groups, and it also gave students the opportunity to speak about their cultural heritage through an open mic.

“It was wonderful to see that the multi-cultural acts really spoke to the level of diversity we have on campus and in the city as a whole,” said Neha Venkatesh, a first-year biological sciences major and member of Bhangre Di Jaan, a Bhangra dance team that had its inaugural performance at the Cultural Awareness Night event.

Events for the rest of the week addressed various topics from race to sexual orientation. Events open to students included a Social Justice 101 class; Soul Speaks, a multicultural expression and talent showcase put on by UC Davis’ African Diaspora Cultivating Education; a film screening of Brother Outsider; a Dialogue on Religious Diversity, and Safe Zone Training to make campus more accepting of LGBTQIA people.

“The Principles of Community speak directly to maintaining a climate of justice,” said Elizabeth Cote, interim director of the UC Davis LGBTQIA Resource Center, via email. “The Safe Zone training provides people with the opportunity to reflect on their beliefs and gain the knowledge and skills to contribute to a climate of justice on our campus.”

These events were hosted by a variety of student organizations and campus departments, including the Multi-Cultural Immersion Program, International Student Association and the African Diaspora Cultivating Education.

UC Davis staff were also encouraged to participate in the week’s programs, with an event specifically for staff entitled “How Can We Build Greater Campus & Workplace Community?” This event was intended to be a dialogue among the staff regarding inclusion of different cultures and ideas on campus.

“The aim of the week is to understand that we as a community facilitate the dignity of our students and respect for our differences, as well as understand that our differences are what makes our community unique,” Gomez said.

UC Davis implemented the POC as a campus-wide policy in 1990 in an effort to create an environment in which every student could feel included and appreciated. Since then, UC Davis has formally reaffirmed the Principles twice, in 1996 and 2001.

The main intent of the week was to increase awareness of the Principles, which many students still only recognize through seeing part of the statement printed on the back of their student ID cards.

“I still think that there is the great awareness that we hope to have with regards to the Principles of Community across the student body … there is a real opportunity to have them know that we have these guiding principles that we really take to heart,” Villalobos said.

According to Gomez, the POC week was well-received, and the Office of Campus Community Relations hopes next year’s will be too, as 2014-15 will mark the 25th anniversary of the Principles of Community.

 

UCLA researchers link common pesticides to Parkinson’s disease

A team of medical researchers at UCLA has drawn an unnerving link between pesticide exposure and an increased risk for Parkinson’s disease. For individuals of a genetically at-risk population, even low levels of exposure can exponentially increase the likelihood of developing the disease. The research was published in the Feb. 4 issue of the journal Neurology.

Parkinson’s disease is the progressive degradation of an individual’s capacity to move in a smooth, stable fashion. This chronic disorder involves the loss of function and eventual death of indispensable neuronal tissue in the brain, specifically of the substantia nigra region (this is the region responsible for voluntary movement). One of the primary functions of the endangered neuron population is the synthesis of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is key for movement control and coordination. As Parkinson’s disease progresses, the declining neural population of the substantia nigra region is unable to secrete adequate levels of dopamine for an individual to produce coordinated movement. What begins as a faint quiver eventually progresses into a pronounced loss of muscular control.

“Impaired balance and gait tends to affect patients’ activities of daily living and the tremors can further impede patients’ fine motor function such as writing, eating and working,” said Lin Zhang, director of the Movement Disorders Program of the Sacramento Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Initially, the UCLA team discovered a link between Parkinson’s and the pesticide benomyl, which has been banned from use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. While benomyl’s selective toxicity was intended to target microorganisms, invertebrates and earthworms, the research team revealed that benomyl and an assortment of common, currently used agricultural and industrial pesticides may have similarly devastating consequences. Used in the production of organic/inorganic foods, maintenance of golf courses and the sterilization of commercial buildings and homes, these chemicals may trigger the chronic effects of Parkinson’s through the inhibition of a crucial toxin-degrading enzyme, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) — coincidentally one of the primary enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism.

According to study author Jeff Bronstein, people with a relatively common variation to the genetic sequence that codes for ALDH are particularly sensitive to the effects of ALDH-inhibiting pesticides. ALDH inhibition prevents the degradation of toxic aldehydes into less toxic byproducts that can more easily be dealt with by the body. In individuals with insufficient ALDH enzyme, the toxic aldehydes build up and cause harm to dopamine-producing cells. As dopamine concentrations decrease over time, an individual’s risk for developing Parkinson’s increases.

The study was conducted on a group of 360 patients with Parkinson’s disease from three different agriculture-heavy counties in Central California. Additionally, 816 people from the same area who did not have Parkinson’s were recruited for the study. The team of researchers focused their analyses on individuals with ambient exposures to pesticides at work and at home, and used information from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation to determine approximate levels of exposure.

“In this study we looked at a certain region of the polymorphic gene in question; we found seven different genetic variants, but you can cluster them into two major categories: The first class is ‘clade 1’ and composes roughly 65 percent of individuals; approximately 35 percent are ‘clade 2.’ In the absence of pesticide exposure the variation alone doesn’t increase an individual’s risk of developing Parkinson’s much, but for the individuals of clade 2, exposure to the pesticides does increase the risk [several-fold],” Bronstein said.

The key takeaway point from Dr. Bronstein’s statement is that in a perfect environment, individuals in either clade 1 or clade 2 would not see an increased risk for Parkinson’s; expose this population to certain pesticides, however, and everyone, especially clade 2 members, becomes susceptible. It’s not that clade 2 members have a higher overall risk of developing Parkinson’s, it’s simply that this population is more significantly impacted by pesticides when they are present.

“For the vulnerable populations, inhalation and ingestion of the chemicals were the primary routes of exposure,” said Beate Ritz, UCLA professor of epidemiology.

It is important for potentially exposed individuals to wear gloves, masks and protective equipment when pesticides are being applied, and to know what pesticides are being used. A primary focus of this study and the work surrounding it is to identify the mechanisms by which the environment may contribute to Parkinson’s disease. The ultimate goal is to develop ways to treat it.

Pesticides are a perfect reminder of the potential dangers that human ingenuity poses to many species, including our own. These chemicals, which are designed with the sole purpose of benefiting humanity, may be our downfall if we aren’t thorough in testing their biochemical consequences.

 

The Philosophy of Education: Time Management

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Have you ever clicked on a website, and upon finding it takes a few seconds to load, switched to another tab to “make use” of the time? Do you find yourself doing the same thing when toasting or microwaving food for a minute? I know I have. Why are we so impatient? I believe we fear wasting time by not being productive, and thus we find it hard to focus on anything that does not provide constant stimulation to make us feel productive.

Multitasking truly can increase our productivity. For example, while waiting for your bread to be toasted, you can pack your backpack for school. However, for multitasking to be effective, there must be enough time to do another task. How much can you accomplish in the three seconds of waiting for a website to load?

Despite potentially increasing productivity, multitasking can mentally exhaust us, especially if we switch rapidly and frequently from one task to another. In order to switch, we must abruptly break our train of thought on the old task and switch to a new train of thought. If we switch after a few minutes, such as in the toaster or microwave example, the strain is minimal. However, if we switch every few seconds, such as in the slow website example, we may quickly become mentally fatigued and thus less productive in all of our tasks.

Knowing that we cannot accomplish anything in a few seconds, why do so many of us feel compelled to try? Are we that afraid of wasting time? I believe many of us are without realizing it. We constantly hear messages like “time is money,” making us think that any time spent not doing anything is wasted. However, while time is money, that is not the only thing it can become.

I think of time as a liquid that can be distributed between different vessels: money (productivity), relaxation, sleep, entertainment, friends, etc. We have a fixed amount of time; we merely decide how to distribute it. Thus, not putting it into the productivity bucket does not mean we are wasting it! In fact, all of the buckets are essential. Working constantly and never resting mentally turns us into stressed-out zombies, who are not capable of productivity. We need time to relax, sleep and have fun as well as work.

In large part because many of us fear wasting time, we are uncomfortable when not “doing anything.” Most often, we feel that we are not “doing anything” when nothing is stimulating us. For example, while a webpage is loading, it is blank and thus not stimulating us. As a result, we may unconsciously or consciously feel uncomfortable, and thus feel compelled to do something else for the few seconds the page takes to load. If we cannot control these urges, we will be unable to relax and thus constantly be highly stressed.

Yes, productivity and money are fine goals, but are they all you want from life? My goal in life is to be happy; money is merely a means to that end, not an end in itself. I need food and shelter to be happy and thus require some money. However, would twice that amount of money make me twice as happy? Would 10 times make me 10 times as happy? If I do not need it to enjoy my life, I will not seek it or worry about obtaining it.

However, I need time to relax, sleep and spend time with friends to enjoy my life. Thus, I set aside time for those activities. But just like with money, these activities have diminishing returns. Thus, we should not spend all of our time on one activity and then have no time for other essential activities. Many of us feel pressured to spend all of our time working and thus never relax; others spend all of their time relaxing and thus never work.

We should take the middle way by doing each activity in moderation. Do not let any activity consume your life, no matter what it may be.

 

To share how you spend your days, email WILLIAM CONNER at wrconner@ucdavis.edu.

 

“Spot It! Hip” Review

I may spend most of my time with video games nowadays, but I’m the kind of guy who can appreciate a good card/party game every now and then. Spot It! Hip falls into that category despite my initial skepticism. Adding the words “hip” or “hipster” to anything doesn’t appeal to my personal taste, but the core Spot It! formula makes for a fun game with friends.

Spot It! Hip is a small tin can full of cards, each with various illustrations of things such as donuts, glasses or tacos. The idea of the game is to match similar objects with each other across numerous cards. For example, if I have a card with a spoon on it and another card placed in the center has that same spoon icon, I attempt to call out the name of the icon before anyone else.

The actual goal of the game beyond that basic premise varies. Spot It! Hip’s instructions list five different game options that each put their own unique spin on the game. One involves collecting cards after naming similar objects; another is about having the least amount of cards, and my personal favorite, “Hot Potato,” introduces a system in which the loser holds every single card in a giant stack by the end of the game.

The first few rounds are slow as everyone learns the intricacies of the game, but once the pace picks up it never goes back down. At its best, Spot It! Hip is a room full of people yelling things like “Cool Panda!” and “Mustache!” while frantically placing cards. I imagine it looks insane to an outsider, but trust me, it’s fun.

Spot It! has been around for a few years now, but Spot It! Hip specifically targets the college crowd. Personally, I didn’t gain any extra enjoyment from the game by encountering icons like “YOLO” and “Swag,” though I suppose it boils down to a case of subjective humor. The hipster label does little to benefit the game, but it doesn’t hurt it either.

At the very least, Spot It! Hip reminds us that simple card games with friends can be surprisingly fun. Simple card games with friends and a few drinks can be even better, but you didn’t hear that from me.

Public forum discusses downtown drunkenness

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On Feb. 26, the Downtown Davis Business Association held a public forum to discuss downtown nightlife and some of its issues, most of which are alcohol-related.

Community members, ASUCD representatives, business owners and the Davis Police Department attended the meeting.

The meeting was initiated by Judith MacBrine, a facilitator of the neighborhood court.

“The focus of neighborhood court is restorative as opposed to punitive,” MacBrine said during her presentation.

The issue at hand, as outlined by MacBrine, is downtown alcohol abuse and misuse, which takes the form of public drunkenness, public urination, battery and possession of an open container of alcohol.

Some of the concerns listed by the participants of the forum included the distribution of alcohol, the increase of signage for restrooms, college parties in residential areas, deeper mental health issues and property damage.

“What’s really nice about Davis is that all of the bar scene is really contained within a few blocks, so if any rowdiness is occurring it would be within small parameters,” said Allison Kopas, a third-year communication major. She added that she believes that this would hopefully make the nightlife less of an annoyance to the local community.

“As [a] community, we all have a part in this and this isn’t happening just because people like to get drunk on the weekends and it’s not just their issue, there are a lot of issues for many different players as to why this is happening,” MacBrine said.

Some examples that MacBrine said she has seen range from a woman misplacing her panties to someone walking on the train tracks, falling and subsequently getting rocks in her orifices.

MacBrine went out driving on the evening of Feb. 22 to see some of the downtown nightlife in action. What she witnessed were crowds around bar entrances, making entry impossible, to which she attributed much of the public urination. She said that if people can’t reach the restrooms they are going to take to the streets.

“There is the possibility of renaming G Street to Pee Street because there is primarily where we see most of the public urination,” MacBrine said.

MacBrine said some of the primary causes are the student’s desire for experimentation, bonding experience, the cultural standard of “getting wasted” at 21, preloading at home, binge drinking and a fad of blacking out.

Some of the solutions the participants identified were a focus on a multi-generational downtown, easy access to food and water, education, working with ASUCD and a Davis Bouncer school.

“If we [are] able to bring the stakeholders together and continue this conversation I think it’s really going to benefit the downtown as a whole,” said Stewart Savage, executive director of downtown Davis.

Savage sees data collection and greater participation in future forums as the next steps for the community.

“The hardest part is trying to come up with solutions with only a few people in the room — if we were to get more people involved we [would] have a greater idea for success,” Savage said.

According to Savage, the downtown bars and restaurants are very participatory and work closely with law enforcement to ensure things don’t get out of hand.

“It’s a community problem; we all need to come together to figure out the solutions. It requires cooperation from many groups in the community,” said Ton Phan, police lieutenant for the patrol division for the Davis Police Department (DPD).

Moving forward, Phan said that the DPD will be holding meetings to discuss how to better handle drunkenness and to research what other cities are doing to deal with similar issues.

“I think people think we have 10 to 20 police officers on the street, and that’s not so. We have anywhere between four and eight on a busy night and it takes a couple big fights and our resources are drained,” Phan said.

This is an issue because it takes officers away from other problems happening around the city.

Phan said that the forum was a good start to solving the many issues of downtown. Savage said that he thinks that this problem isn’t unique to Davis.

“When people drink, problems occur, and we see what we can do about preventing those problems,” Savage said.

Police Briefs: March 6, 2014

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Thursday 2/27

A turn of the screw
Someone on Bombadil Lane tried to cancel movers for showing up over 50 minutes late. The mover demanded a cancellation fee, and when the reporter refused to pay, he dismantled her doorbell and put a screwdriver through the door.

Power play
On Ninth Street, a woman was walking around saying she was with PG&E, asking to look at people’s bills and social security information.

Friday 2/28

Dare you to move
On Miller Drive, an unknown female was dancing on someone’s front lawn.

Let it go
A naked guy was shouting obscenities on Anderson Road.

Saturday 3/1

Driven out of his mind
On M Street, a known male was trying to run someone over.

Felt cooped up
Three chickens wandered into someone’s front yard on Oak Street.

Police briefs are compiled from the City of Davis daily crime bulletins. Contact EINAT GILBOA at city@theaggie.org.

News in Brief: Daniel Marsh’s confession ruled admissible

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On Feb. 28, Yolo County Superior Court Judge David Reed deemed Daniel Marsh’s confessions admissible to be used during his April 14 trial.

Marsh, 16, stabbed Oliver “Chip” Northup, 87, and his wife Claudia Maupin, 76, in their condominium on Cowell Boulevard on April 14, 2013.

On June 17, 2013, Marsh spoke with officers after being arrested, waiving his right to remain silent.

Marsh’s defendants made various claims of why Marsh’s June 17 confession should be kept out of court, which included the interview tactics that were used by officers, Marsh’s history of mental health problems, his age and the circumstances surrounding his arrest.

On the day of Marsh’s arrest, Officer Eddie Ellsworth of the Davis Police, who had encountered Marsh before, told Marsh that he needed to make plans for a youth diversion program related to Marsh’s May arrest for possessing a knife on the campus of Davis High.

Ellsworth testified that Marsh willingly went to the police station with him, even though he was told that he didn’t have to, and after reading Marsh his Miranda rights.

“The motion was to deem Marsh’s confession inadmissible due to a Miranda violation,” said Jonathan Raven, the Chief Deputy District Attorney of Yolo County. “The court ruled no Miranda right violation of the statement to police so it is admissible.”

While Friday’s testimony didn’t state the specifics of Marsh’s confession, it has been reported that Marsh admitted to choosing his victims, Northrup and Maupin, after noticing that their condominium windows were open, just two doors down from his father’s home.

Marsh has been recorded saying that the homicides gave him a “high” for a few days afterwards, and that he’s been ignoring the urge to kill since age 10. Marsh has a history of anxiety and depression, and in December 2012 was transported to a hospital for psychiatric evaluation.

After privately watching the interview, Judge Reed addressed the arguments and stated that Marsh knowingly and intelligently waived his rights, and said that the confession was admissible for use in court.

Reed also granted a defense motion to postpone Marsh’s trial until April 14. Marsh is being tried as an adult and is currently in custody at Yolo County Juvenile Hall.

 

— Taylor Cunningham

 

Judge rules Marsh’s confession as valid, trial to begin April 14

On Friday Feb. 28, a Yolo County Superior Court Judge ruled that Daniel Marsh, the suspected killer of elderly Davis couple Oliver Northup and Claudia Maupin, will go on trial on April 14, the one-year anniversary of the double homicide. Additionally, the judge ruled that Marsh’s alleged confession of the crime to the Davis Police will be used among the evidence presented to the jury.

According to the Davis Enterprise, Judge David Reed’s decision came after a closed viewing of Marsh’s recorded interview with the police and an hour long hearing on Feb. 28.

“The video of the interview does not support a conclusion that the defendant’s statement was coerced,” Reed said in his ruling. “Under the totality of the circumstances, the defendant’s statements were voluntary and uncoerced, and with knowledge of his right to remain silent.”

Marsh is charged with two counts of first-degree murder, along with the special-circumstance allegations and is being tried as an adult. Marsh has pleaded not guilty to the charges and is currently in custody at Yolo County Juvenile Hall.

For further background information refer to previous articles on the Marsh case.

— Paayal Zaveri

Aggie Arcade: Your weekly dose of video games

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Irrational Response

The video game community continues to discuss the downsizing of developer Irrational Games following the shocking news last week. The studio responsible for the critically-acclaimed BioShock and BioShock Infinite no longer exists in its original form — only Creative Director/Co-founder Ken Levine and 15 other employees remain.

According to a post on the company’s official website, Levine emphasizes creativity as the key reason for the sudden downsize. More specifically, he states, “my passion has turned to making a different kind of game than we’ve done before.” Does that mean Ken Levine is responsible for 100+ people losing their jobs?

The reaction to this falls into two central categories. Some people view Levine as a villainous auteur who essentially fired good employees because of his own creative endeavors. Others focus more on the future of Irrational Games, and how Levine has the freedom to “make narrative-driven games for the core gamer that are highly replayable,” as Levine states in his post.

I find myself torn between what seem like both rational and irrational reactions. I should feel bad for all those people who lost their jobs because of the decision, and I do in fact feel that way. They helped craft BioShock Infinite, one of my favorite games of 2013. And yet those employees had little time to celebrate the success of the game.

At the same time, I consider myself a fan of Ken Levine. As the creative director of Irrational Games, he plays a pivotal role in shaping the BioShock universe and its key themes and morals. Just by listening/watching a few interviews, it becomes obvious that Levine puts his creative stamp on all of Irrational Games’ projects. I’d be lying if I said I wasn’t interested in seeing how that translates to smaller, downloadable releases.

A whole other layer reveals itself when we consider what Levine didn’t say in his post on the company’s site. There could easily be more going on behind the scenes with the developer’s publisher, Take-Two Interactive. Although BioShock Infinite sold well, it probably didn’t sell enough to justify the game’s lengthy development cycle. Perhaps Levine was presented with an ultimatum in which he had to choose the lesser of two evils. Obviously this is speculation, but it’s not a stretch when we consider how cutthroat the video game industry can be at times.

Nevertheless, I’m left with the same conflicted feelings. It creates an interesting dynamic in which I recognize the value of the collective effort and the auteur. There’s something oddly appealing about the idea of a single figure who makes the creative decisions — it gives a piece of entertainment an internal consistency, much like a well-written novel. But video games are not created by single individuals, and that holds even more weight.

 

 

The Philosophy of Education: Social Media

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How does using social technology like Facebook make you feel? After using it, do you feel uplifted or depressed? Does it make you more productive? If not, why do so many of us compulsively use these technologies? I believe many of us do so for two reasons: because we habitually use these technologies when bored or sad, and because we are addicted to instant gratification.

These social technologies often depress us because they present a biased view of other people that we unconsciously compare ourselves to. People only post about their best experiences on Facebook, not their bad moments. When we read others’ pages, we compare our real lives to others’ cherry-picked events — of course we will seem inadequate!

Unfortunately, most of us do not realize this inherent bias in social media and thus become unhappy after spending time on Facebook or similar sites. Paradoxically, depression and boredom cause many of us to turn to media. Perhaps this is a habitual behavior to distract ourselves from our pain by living through others’ experiences, as exemplified by the concept of “Keeping Up With the Kardashians.” Thus, sadness creates more sadness via social media, a vicious cycle. If we become aware of the cycle, we can break out by not turning to Facebook during negative moods.

Even if we are aware of social media’s biased presentation, it often still affects us; thus the best suggestion is to use it less. For example, a friend recounted that her parents warned her to avoid Facebook as much as possible for her first quarter of college. Once she started college, she realized why: Facebook became a battleground among her high school friends for who could post the most pictures, go to the most parties, have the most friends, etc. Thus, spending time on Facebook would feed feelings of inadequacy and jealousy.

If social media does not uplift us or increase productivity, why do so many of us feel compelled to constantly check it to the point of refreshing the page every minute, hoping for a new notification? Are we addicted to Facebook and texting’s constant stimulation? I believe so; many of us become irritable or angry after a short period away from phones or the Internet — classic withdrawal symptoms.

In other words, many of us are addicted to instant gratification in the form of a new notification or text message. Nowadays, instant gratification for almost any impulse (socialization, purchases or even sex) is available through technology. As a result, I believe many of us never learned the crucial self-discipline of delaying gratification during our childhood. Thus, we struggle to focus on non-instantly gratifying tasks, like school work or lectures, even if they offer a tremendous future reward. This lack of discipline creates far-reaching effects across our lives.

 For example, many of us cannot sit through an hour-long lecture without checking our phones, sending a text or accessing email or Facebook. If this is the case for you, do not be surprised if you struggle with the lecture. After all, you weren’t mentally present in lecture to absorb the information. If you absorb little from lecture, studying for an exam will seem like learning the material for the first time rather than reviewing what you already know, a much more difficult and time-consuming task.

Even 30 seconds of distraction in a lecture can cause us to miss a key concept or term that makes understanding the rest of the lecture nearly impossible. Furthermore, if we do not understand the lecture, we are much more likely to become distracted again due to boredom or frustration, fueling a vicious cycle started by one 30-second phone use.

 Nonetheless, social technologies can be extremely useful for communication when employed well. One good approach is to only go on Facebook with a specific purpose in mind, like telling a friend about an upcoming party, and then immediately logging out. If we log out, the login screen next time will jar us awake to the fact that we just clicked on Facebook and maybe should not be using it at that time.

If this approach is not sufficient, even stronger deterrents are available. Most browsers or phones have add-ons or apps that allow you to block yourself from specific sites. If you really need to use Facebook, you can remove it from the blocking add-on temporarily, but the extra effort to do so will greatly reduce your Facebook use.

 We must control social media, not let it control us.

 

Share what you think of Facebook and other social media with WILLIAM CONNER at wrconner@ucdavis.edu.

 

News in Brief: UC Davis wins third MPSF Championship in four years

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On Feb. 22, the UC Davis swimming and diving team won the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF) Championship at East Los Angeles College in Monterey Park, Calif. — the team’s third championship in four years.

The Aggies finished first in a field of eight schools with 712.5 points, 74.5 more than second-place UC Santa Barbara.

Senior Liliana Alvarez won her second career individual MPSF title, winning the 200-meter breaststroke in a pool-record 2:12:84. She previously won the 100-meter breaststroke in last year’s meet.

Freshman Hilvy Cheung was named MPSF Freshman of the Year, and she finished second in the 200-meter fly with a time of 1:56:14. Senior Haley Porter also earned a second place finish in the 100-meter free with a time of 50:02 — the third fastest 100-meter free swim in UC Davis history.

— Scott Dresser