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Tuesday, December 30, 2025
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Meet the new city staff

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Stewart Savage is the owner of Abaton Consulting, a small business in Davis. This month he became director of the Davis Downtown Business Association (DDBA). The Aggie sat down with Savage to talk about his new position and his plans for the City of Davis.

The Aggie: Where are you from originally?
Savage: I grew up in Southern California and moved to Davis in 1996.

What is the nature of your business?
I provide technology management services for small business and nonprofits such as web design, social media and professional development training.

What made you decide to start a business in Davis? How did you start up?
I was previously working as the director of technology services at the  Fairfield-Suisun Unified School District. I wanted to branch out on my own, have a job that is more flexible, and more interesting than what I was doing. Davis is convenient, close to Sacramento and could be the center point for a large region.

What is it like owning a small business in Davis?
Owning a small business is hard work. There is a lot to know and understand to be successful. Davis is great; there’s lots of opportunity, and downtown is a really nice work environment. You get to know the community, and everything you need is downtown — the post office, meeting places.

What does your new position as director of the DDBA include?
I do administrative and community outreach, paying bills, focusing on building relationship with members. I work with city and county organizations.

How will being a small business owner in Davis help you in your new position as director?
Having a business here enabled me to build relationships with people downtown. I know a lot of people involved with DDBA and city. I tried to establish myself downtown. A lot of people that recognize me and I recognize them. Also, being a small business owner gives me perspective on what business owners have to work with downtown, such as parking. A lot of businesses are frustrated about parking, business requirements and changes in the economy. I can empathize with that being a small business owner.

What plans do you have for the DDBA? Do you have any goals you would like to accomplish?
I want to support the mission of the DDBA, start relationships with business owners in downtown area, let them know we support them and we are doing our best to make Davis the best possible place to work and live. I’m excited to be in this position; it’s an opportunity for [deputy director of the DDBA Nina Gatewood] and I to help support business in the downtown area.

The Aggie also talked to Steve Pinkerton, the new City Manager of Davis, to discuss his position and plans.

The Aggie: Where are you from originally?
Pinkerton: I am from Columbia, Missouri. I’ve been in California for 30 years. I grew up in college towns, and I wanted a nice change of pace, so I came to Davis.

What is your educational background?
I attended undergraduate school at the University of Missouri, where I hold Bachelors’ in geography and economics. I have a Master’s in urban planning and economics from the University of Southern California.

What made you decide to go into city government?
I thought I was going to be a city planner; I was always interested in how cities were built. My father was urban sociologist. Instead of going on family vacations, we would go visit cities that needed help. I guess I’ve got it in my blood to be part of that. In planning you’re just a regulator, and you don’t get to implement anything, so I got involved in redevelopment. I spent the first 20 years of my career in redevelopment. I wanted to have more impact, so I got into city management, where I could help the overall city operate better.

What are some things you hope to change as the city manager of Davis?
We don’t have same revenues we used to. Property values and sales tax, which are our biggest money generators, are flat, while expenses keep going up. It’s a real challenge to figure out how to do more with less. We live in a community with a high expectation for service. We’ll have to find a way to do that with less money and less people. We will focus on the priorities of the community with more volunteers, while reducing workforce and overall compensation.

How will the dissolving of redevelopment agencies affect projects going on in Davis such as the water project?
There will be no effect on the utility project. But will impact projects downtown, such as the hope for new hotel, right at the entryway of the city. It will also affect other improvements, such as public parking. Business attraction and economic development are paid for by redevelopment. Business creates revenue for city services. There is less money to invest in businesses. We will work more closely with the DDBA and downtown businesses, but there just aren’t the same resources we had in the past.

How will it affect the Davis economy in general?
We want to have a mix between retail and restaurants, but it’s hard when we don’t have resources to do that, so we will probably allow more restaurants. We would like to have more true retail downtown, but it’s harder.

Einat Gilboa can be reached city@theaggie.org.

In Review: Neutral Milk Hotel

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Neutral Milk Hotel
In the Aeroplane Over the Sea
Domino

Rating: 5

When I think of some of the greatest albums of all time, In the Aeroplane Over the Sea, released in 1998, by Neutral Milk Hotel would be by far the easiest choice. Additionally, just last August, the band announced an exclusive vinyl release of their two albums In the Aeroplane Over the Sea and On Avery Island.

It’s strange to consider a band’s entire body of work consists of less than 40 songs. A music critic once mentioned that no other album seems to closely affect and associate so personally with so many people yet feel still totally under-exposed. It’s hard to articulate why this feels like the perfect album.

In the Aeroplane Over the Sea feels dense and heavy but light and airy at the same time. It is an album of contradictions and paradoxes that never is in service of itself. When you listen to the album, you recognize it as single solid and solitary piece. Each time audiences listen to the album, they will be reminded that what they are experiencing is something different, or perhaps they are re-discovering something they had forgotten all over again.

It is an album that always feels like a mystery — something just barely out of reach of understanding, but you can feel it so close to your fingertips.

No other album ever or since has taken on the ambition of trying to encapsulate what it’s like to live, breathe and think. Lead vocalist Jeff Mangum’s rapid-fire singing and lyrics is like someone trying to remember something really important and reminding you about it before the world ends. It’s an album that took to task the idea to remind us how strange it is to be anything at all.

Give these tracks a listen: “In the Aeroplane over the Sea”, “Holland 1945” and “The Fool”
For Fans Of: Modest Mouse, Arcade Fire

In Review: The Roots

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The Roots
Undun
The Island Def Jam Music Group

Rating: 5

The Roots 13th album, release in December 2011, doesn’t disappoint. It is a concept album about the fictional character Redford Stevens, from Sufjan Steven’s song “Redmond,” who lives his short life in urban poverty. The album expands on the sound of its 2010 release How I Got Over by utilizing the same snare-driven beats, keyboard, strings and indie influence.

The album has something to offer everyone, whether you listen to it introspectively and catch the tragedy of narrative or just listen casually. Their lyrics have a seriousness to it that makes this album even more appealing. The Roots draw on the world of commercial rap but they understand and address the more far reaching associations on Undun. Instrumental pieces frame the album and the album follows a clear pattern and story.

The Root’s sound seems more muted and somber, such as in “Sleep” and “I Remember”, with some few tracks with more punch to them, such as “Kool On” and “The Otherside”.

Guest spots are also very prevalent in this album. “Make My”, the album’s lead single, “Lighthouse” and “Stomp” are just a few that feature guest singers. There is not one song on the album that is unnecessary. Each is vital and adds to the overall mood and tone.

Undun shows that the Roots are still at the top of their game and are continuing to push boundaries and forge ahead. This is one of their most ambitious and adventurous projects and their flawless execution shows they have succeeded.

Give these tracks a listen: “Make My”, “Lighthouse”, “I Remember”, “The Otherside”

For fans of: Common, Mos Def, Talib Kweli and John Legend

Editorial: More time for students

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On Jan. 15 and 16, the UC Regents held their first meeting of the year at UC Riverside.

The regents meeting was once again interrupted by students protesting the increased cost of tuition. Protesters began a general assembly during the public comment session and the campus police cleared the room.

This event makes it clear that students are looking for a better way to voice their opinions. It’s obvious that the students of the UC system have a lot to say to the regents, and the regents need to make time to listen. While each regent meeting has a public comment session, the tension that has arisen during these meetings has made it clear that the time provided is not sufficient.

Students making their voices heard is important but interrupting the meeting should not have to be their only avenue. The interruptions are effective in getting attention, but  they often inhibit the regents’ ability to have necessary discussions about the future of the UC system.

The regents have expressed feeling uncomfortable or unsafe at these meetings. While this is unfortunate, regents should aim to fix the root of the problem, which is that students don’t feel their ideas are being heard. The regents need to provide students with a chance to talk to the them outside of these meetings, so necessary agenda items can be completed, while students also have a chance to share their ideas.

The UC system is made up of over 222,000 intelligent students who clearly have ideas they want to share. The regents should take advantage of this resource while searching for ways to fix the UC system.

Women’s Basketball preview

Teams: UC Davis at UC Santa Barbara; at Cal Poly
Records: Aggies, 12-6 (4-2); Gauchos 8-9 (3-3); Mustangs 6-12 (3-3)
Where: Thunderdome — Santa Barbara, Calif.; Mott Gym — San Luis Obispo, Calif.
When: Thursday at 7 p.m.; Saturday at 4 p.m.
Who to Watch: It has been a season of milestones for UC Davis, and yet another Aggie is making a push for a historic mark.

Junior Samantha Meggison tallied a steal against Pacific, which brought her career total to 150. She needs just six more to pen her name into UC Davis’s top 10 career steals list.

Did you know? If the Aggies beat UCSB tonight, they will travel to San Luis Obispo to battle Cal Poly on Saturday with a four-game winning streak.

Yet they will be looking to break a losing streak they have built over the past three years. The Aggies have not won at Mott Gym since the 2008-09 season.

Preview: UC Davis has shot the ball well as of late, and they’ll be hoping this is a turning point for them. They will need their shots to fall in this week’s match-ups.

No doubt the Aggies’ defense is working, as they rank second in the Big West Conference in scoring defense, allowing an average of only 61.4 points per game. UC Santa Barbara leads the conference, however, allowing just 50.7 points per contest.

The Gauchos, though, do not post big numbers on offense, as they are also ranked last in the Big West with only 52.1 points per game.

“We’re playing great teams as well, so it’s going to be really fun,” head coach Jennifer Gross said. “Both teams heavily focus on the defensive side of the ball and I’m excited to see who can come out on top.”

UCSB is coming off a close victory over first-place California State University, Northridge, which is 5-2 in the Big West. UC Davis handed the Matadors their first league defeat on Jan. 12.

The Aggies now hold a 4-2 league record, good for third place in the Big West — locked in a three-way tie with 3-3 records are UCSB, Pacific and Cal Poly, who UC Davis plays on Saturday.

The Mustangs have lost three games in a row after starting out 3-0 in conference play this season. But they are a dangerous team, ranking second in the Big West with 71.4 points per game. They closely follow Pacific, which averages 71.5 points per game. The Aggies’ game plan will be to keep the Mustangs from putting too many points on the board, as they kept the Tigers to just 51 points last week.

“For us, we’ve focused on our team and the strength of our team, so we don’t worry too much about other teams and what’s going on with them,” Gross said. “We feel like the best way to win is to win in a team fashion.”

Featured Artist: Sophia Chang

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Sophia Chang is an artist from and living and working in New York City. As a recent graduate from Parson’s Design School, she’s young — very young. Certainly younger than one might expect when looking at the array of impressively high-profile clients accrued, and then shown off with artful style, on her website “esymai.com” — the likes of which include Anthony Bourdain, Talib Kaleb, and, on the corporate plane, Nike and Dr. Pepper, to name just two.

Relatively fresh in the business, as far as distance from school goes, Chang’s skills have clearly elevated her far beyond the generalized post-grad sob story the world has become accustomed to. No moving home to the parents here. No existential crisis-defined decade of finding her feet. Her feet, as all appearances indicate, are planted firmly in the New York earth like one who seems to have grown out of the soil there.

“Being born and raised in Queens has really influenced me as an adult. We were all heavily influenced by hip hop,” Chang said. “I spent most of my free time in high school playing handball at the local parks, watching music videos at my best friend’s house and stuff like that. I always drew, and everyone knew I was a good artist, but I didn’t do it 24/7. Only in class when I didn’t feel like paying attention to the teacher.”

Obviously, Chang has come a long way from casual, in-class doodling. The art that now covers her website is stylish and pulses with a colored vibrancy associated with hip hop and New York street life.

Chang, for example, has a number of portraits of Anthony Bourdain — a cynical, wizened and bemused face most of us are well familiar with from his Travel Channel show “No Reservations” — up on her website. Her depiction of Bourdain swerves far from any attempt at realism, and yet through the colored stylization is, quite clearly, a strong impression of Bourdain’s not unmemorable personality and feature. That is, through the lining and moderate abstraction is a very detectable and potent artistic interpretation of a man, and something about it is distinctly “cool,” to use the word vaguely.

Her creating Bourdain portraits was no exercise in fandom, of course. She produced the pictures as a series of poster illustrations for the summer 2011 season of “No Reservations” (you can check them out on her site).

When asked how it feels to have made it “big” in the industry at so young an age, despite her clear victories Chang politely declined to acknowledge any aggrandized sense of her own accomplishment.

“I have not made it big at all. Look at all the other people who are giants in this industry, such as Jeffstaple, Lanie Alabanza, James Jean,” Chang said, referring to the design and illustration industry. “These are all people who worked hard to be doing what they’re doing. They lost hours of sleep, they did internships and studied under masters to get to where they are.”

Still, Chang’s early success is undeniable. In a world of struggling artists and unemployed graduates, she is one success story among many less cheerful narratives. But naturally her success is no accident. She, too, worked hard. And more importantly, she has talent.

“I started early. I did a lot of internships when I was in school. I commuted daily, I worked a part-time job at Journeys and Puma, did internships and worked on side freelance projects,” Chang said. “It wasn’t easy, but it helped to build a foundation for myself. Each of these internships were self-sought and worth more than any money I can make.”

“Once I graduated,” Chang added, “I was already freelancing with jobs that were passed along by these guys, and I was able to get the ball rolling. So really, I’m not making it big at all. I hope to be on my way to ‘making it.’”

Living in and being from New York has its advantages, but what Chang has achieved, as many aspiring artists and designers should note, she’s done through her own steely agency. As she said, in advice, “If you want to something, go for it.” So far, it’s working out for her.

JAMES O’HARA can be reached at arts@theaggie.org.

The Community Poet

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The first and third Thursdays of every month are Poetry Nights at the John Natsoulas Gallery, located at 521 First St. Jan. 19’s poet of the moment was Rae Gouirand, whose first collection of poetry, titled “Open Winter,” was published in fall 2011.

Gouirand has taught writing at UC Davis, UC Davis Extension and many private workshops she herself has founded for poets and writers since 2003. In addition, the Bryn Mawr graduate who received her MFA in creative writing at the University of Michigan has been the Writer-in-Residence at Cache Creek Nature Preserve since 2005. She is also the winner of  many fellowships such as the Meijer Fellowship, the Hopwood Award and the Santa Fe Art Institute; a two-time nominee for the Pushcart Prize; and the recipient of a 2009 award from the Dorothy Sargent Rosenberg Foundation for outstanding work by emerging poets.

By the time the reading started at 8 p.m., all of the chairs were already filled. The ages audience ranged widely; there were college students present as well as older members of the Davis community. All were obviously excited to hear Gouirand read her poems aloud in person.

Melissa Bender, who teaches in the University Writing Program at UC Davis, affectionately introduced Gouirand.

“We’ve known each other since 1994 when she was my instructor at the Pennsylvania Governor’s School for the Arts. We are now incredibly close friends,” said Gouirand of Bender.

And then Gouirand took the stage. Admittedly a bit nervous, she had a wide smile on her face and waved shyly to various audience members that she knew. Gouirand recounted the long process it took in order for “Open Winter” to be published. It was late in her undergraduate career that she began to focus on writing poems. In 2002, she started submitting her poems to journals. In 2008, she began to send her manuscript to potential publishers. Summing it up, Gouirand stated that the manuscript was a finalist for nearly 30 prizes for a first book of poetry before Elane Equi selected it for the 2011 Bellday Prize for Poetry, which eventually culminated in her revised manuscript’s publishing.

After thanking everybody for coming to the reading, Gouirand started off with a passage from Nicole Krauss’s The History of Love. Her selection was much appreciated by the audience; it described how language developed throughout time from gestures to sounds and how miscommunication can happen with the smallest act.

And then it was on to the poems. The first poem she read from her book was dedicated to her grandfather, who believed in her and that she “didn’t always have to be an Architect” when she was questioning what she wanted to do with the rest of her life.

“I went to college intending to major in physics and music, and ended up completing an inter-disciplinary urban studies major. Writing has always been a constant thread. It wasn’t until I sat down to try to work out the parameters of my senior thesis that I realized I wanted to apply to MFA programs: my writing workshops had always been my favorite courses,” said Gouirand.

Much of the inspiration for the poems that she writes comes from everyday life, as does her strong musical background. Gouirand is an accomplished musician who played in several orchestras in high school and college.

“Part of what interests me about poetry is how it drives feeling back into its home in the body. I find inspiration wherever people find inspiration: in conversation, in the world, in great art and vitality and shifting light and passing time and connection and perspective and the way language always seems to lead me to the brink of inexpressible things. I discovered my feeling of voice through music,” said Gouirand.

The poetry night featuring Gouirand ended with great success. Everybody in attendance enjoyed the numerous poems and Gouirand received many positive messages over e-mail and Facebook.

“The Natsoulas Gallery is a great home for the Poetry Night series; its open and conducive to listening. I’ve been looking forward to having a book release here in Davis where I live my life and push my work forward. I wanted to share those snowflakes with my community and not have it all be a tremendously fancy big deal. No performance, just contact with real people,” said Gouirand.

MICHELLE RUAN can be reached at arts@theaggie.org.

Men’s Basketball Preview

Teams: UC Davis vs. UC Santa Barbara; vs. Cal Poly
Records: Aggies, 1-17 (0-6); Gauchos, 9-7 (4-2); Mustangs, 12-8 (3-4)
Where: The Pavilion
When: Thursday at 7 p.m.; Saturday at 7 p.m.
Who to watch:  This isn’t the senior season Eddie Miller would have hoped for.

One of only two seniors on the Aggie roster, Miller finished the 2010-11 season averaging 12.5 points per game — third most on a team that included Joe Harden and Mark Payne, who both rank in the top-10 of UC Davis career scoring records.

Unfortunately for Miller, a leg injury hampered much of his preseason work this fall and allowed him to play just 14 minutes through the first seven games of the season.

In his first game back from injury on Dec. 3 Miller played 19 minutes against Idaho and scored 22 points, a season high. He followed it up with a team-high 16 points at Hawaii the next week.

Miller has struggled to get back to his best during Big West Conference play this year and had not scored in double digits since the game against Hawaii until this past weekend when he scored a team-high 12 points at Pacific.

“He was active defensively [against Pacific],” head coach Jim Les said. “We talk about not focusing on offense but on the little things. Make a hustle play, rebound, that always seems to gets the offense going.

“We want Eddie to be aggressive offensively, do it within the framework of the offense and if he does he’s going to get good opportunities to make plays.”

Did you know? UC Santa Barbara head coach Bob Williams was in charge of the UC Davis Aggies from 1990-98. Williams and the Aggies won the NCAA Division II Men’s Basketball Championship in 1998, and within days Williams left UC Davis to coach at UC Santa Barbara. It is the only national championship in UC Davis men’s basketball history.

Preview: Thursday’s Big West match-up against UCSB is only the third men’s game in the Pavilion since Dec. 3, as the Aggies return from their third three-game road trip of the season.

With another conference game on Saturday against Cal Poly as well, it won’t be an easy weekend at home for UC Davis, which is still winless against Division I opponents this year.

Both games of this weekend’s home stand will provide a stiff test for the struggling Aggies.

Against USSB, the young UC Davis team must deal with Orlando Johnson, a 6’5” guard who last week was named to the Midseason Top 25 list of the John R. Wooden Award, given to the best player in the nation at the end of the season.

Still, the Aggies insist one player won’t change the way they game plan.

“We’ve faced great players all season long,” junior Paolo Mancasola said. “It’s not going to be one guy that stops him, it’s going to be all five of us working together.”

The Aggies also must deal with the Gauchos’ stiff defense, which has held Big West opponents to just 38 percent shooting on the year — the lowest percentage allowed in the conference.

UCSB also leads the Big West with an average of six blocked shots per-game, two thirds or them coming from Alan Williams and Greg Somogyi, centers who stand 6’7” and 7’3”, respectively.

Saturday against Cal Poly, the Aggies will face an opponent that is first in the Big West in defensive rebounding and second in offensive rebounding, behind UCSB.

For UC Davis it will be important that big men Alex Tiffin, Josh Ritchart and J.T. Adenrele stay out of foul trouble.

In particular, Tiffin was called for three moving screens in the last contest; a similar performance this weekend would be detrimental to the Aggies rebounding strength and offensive production.

Les doesn’t consider rebounding solely the post players’ job though, insisting it is a team responsibility.

“We have to be a gang rebounding team,” he said. “The onus is on everybody to be physical and chase down the ball.”

With the team struggling this year, Les is anxious to see his players consistently outworking his opponents on the court.

“We’ve got to start establishing the fact that were going to be a tough out here at home,” Les said. “Guys have to bring an energy and enthusiasm to the Pavilion on game night and make sure we’re the team that works the hardest and hustles the most.

“Then good things will happen.”

— Caelum Shove

Marine life impacted by 2007 oil spill

In 2007, the San Francisco Bay area fell victim to an event called the Cosco Busan oil spill. While the amount of oil spilled was relatively small, the effects on the marine life were anything but minor. Researchers from UC Davis and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) conducted experiments to see the effects that the oil spill had on the marine life in the area, and found that herring embryos showed severe abnormalities.

“We did careful assessments to see whether abnormalities were present,” said Gary Cherr, professor of environmental toxicology at UC Davis. “We found swollen hearts and irregular heart rhythms in the areas affected by the oil.”

Cherr said that the oil spill of about 54,000 gallons was about the size of a backyard swimming pool.

“We had a range of very different locations for sampling; some were urban and some were not,” Cherr said. “Surprisingly, the embryos naturally spawned in intertidal zones were dead; they were dissolving, almost unrecognizable as embryos.”

Cherr said that the embryos in the unaffected water were fine; meanwhile, the embryos that spawned in the oiled waters were victim to the worst effects. He said they placed embryos near more urban areas, such as the I-580 Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, as a reference point to see if pollution was a factor in the abnormalities. The embryos by the bridge did not show the severe abnormalities, suggesting that the oil was the culprit.

He said that the cause of the severe abnormalities found in the herring can be attributed to phototoxicity, which is when a chemical leaves an organism much more sensitive to light.

“Oil compounds can be much more toxic in the presence of sunlight,” Cherr said. “This was a situation where you had the embryos in very shallow water and sunlight, so it was a classic example of phototoxicity.”

Cherr said that the herring still showed some very significant developmental abnormalities in 2009 and 2010.

“Concentrations of oil that weren’t lethal became lethal as a result of sunlight,” Cherr said.

John Incardona, supervisory research toxicologist at NOAA, said he was dumbfounded several weeks later, when seeing the results of the natural spawning in oiled sites.

“We were trying to understand what was happening, we were expecting to see subtle differences in their hearts,” Incardona said. “It took a lot of thinking to figure out what could be causing the abnormalities we were seeing.”

Bunker oil is thought to be the contributor to the effects observed in the herring.

“Bunker oil is more chemically complicated than crude oil. Crude oil goes to the refinery, where the lighter products are taken off; the concentrated part goes into bunker oil,” Incardona said.

Incardona said that they weren’t really thinking of phototoxicity as a factor because they had never seen effects like these. He said that phototoxicity had mainly been talked about in lab settings, but that this was the first time where they had seen it demonstrated.

“It’s similar to how somebody takes a drug and becomes sensitive to sunlight. There is something in bunker oil that causes more damage to the tissues,” Incardona said. “All we know is that bunker oil has more of it.”

Carol Vines, assistant project scientist at the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, also said the results were surprising.

“There were huge mortality rates in the embryos in the oil-affected area. The mortality rate was almost 100 percent; it was shocking,” Vines said.

Vines said that in addition to swollen hearts and irregular heartbeats, they also found that the herring had bent spines, abnormal jaws and some opacity in the embryos — caused by restricted blood flow.

She said that this oil spill was similar to the 1989 Exxon-Valdez oil spill in Alaska, in terms of how the herring population was severely impacted.

“There needs to better categorization of crude oil,” Vines said. “However, we have to keep in mind that this is an isolated incident, and that it is not just oil spills that affect these populations.”

ERIC C. LIPSKY can be reached at science@theaggie.org.

Column: Fitness scams

It was three in the morning, and once again I couldn’t sleep. As I usually do when I can’t sleep, I turned on the TV and flipped to the most boring program I could find.

Since it was three in the morning, I ended up watching infomercials.

“Are you ready for the INSANITY challenge?!?”

“I took the challenge and lost 40 pounds!”

“You’ll be in the best shape of your life!”

Ah, the fitness infomercial. I wouldn’t normally want to cover a product like this in a science column, but sometimes a useful way of figuring out the good science is comparing it to the bad.

This one is particularly bad. Essentially, the “Insanity” work out consists of two months of high-intensity exercise six days per week, with short periods of moderate exercise between work outs as a rest. This sort of plan may work if you’re already fairly in shape, but the infomercial and the before-and-after pictures on their website show that they’re targeting people who don’t normally exercise (the before-and-after pics also showed that they apparently offered free tanning services to one of the clients, but that’s beside the point).

Obviously, they didn’t talk much to fitness scientists before developing their plan; when there’s money to be made from people’s insecurities, who would? According to a 2007 study from the University of Guelph, the most effective way to become more fit and lose fat is interval training, a method in which short bursts of intense activity is interspersed with longer stretches of moderate exercise. In the study, both inexperienced people and athletes were able to benefit from interval training over intensive training, especially in cardiovascular health. They also increased the amount of fat burned during the work out compared to constant intense exercise.

So, add interval training to that New Year’s resolution you made a month ago, avoid late-night fitness DVD scams and the pounds will start coming off, right? Well, as usual, it’s a little more complicated than that (I should just make that phrase the tagline of this column).

The fact is, it’s uncommon to lose very much weight when a person first starts a fitness regimen unless they have a great deal of weight to lose. Exercise alone doesn’t do much for weight loss; you may improve how capable you are of losing weight, but if you’re eating too many calories, the weight will stay on.

That’s not to say you won’t receive any benefit from exercise alone. Even if you never lose a pound, the benefit to your heart health is well worth the effort. The problem is that improved heart health doesn’t exactly have the same boost to the ego as weight loss and isn’t as easily visibly apparent.

There’s another problem that advocates of long, intensive exercise have to deal with, especially in people who weren’t particularly fit at the start — injury. On a biomechanical level, an injury happens when the load applied to a tissue, such as a muscle, exceeds its failure tolerance. If the failure tolerance of a muscle is low (especially if you haven’t tried a regular exercise regimen before), then it’s far easier to surpass that breaking point.

Even interval training can cause injury if you aren’t careful. It’s even easier to reach the point of injuring yourself if you purposely try to get close to your breaking point, as the Insanity work out advocates.

A mistake in a work out is more likely than people think. Yes, persevering through mild discomfort is important to fitness. When the body is doing something completely new that requires effort, it takes practice to make exercise normal. Muscle soreness is a common side effect. However, “just push through the pain” is how you go from mild discomfort to an injury that delays your work out goals more than pacing yourself could have delayed you.

It’s easy to see where the logic is coming from in this fitness plan. It makes sense on the surface to say, “Well, a moderate work out is good, but I’m not losing much weight. If I work out even harder, I should lose more weight!”

Unfortunately, becoming fit is a slow, frustrating process that probably won’t be solved by $145 in DVDs of a ripped guy yelling at you to “push it.” It will take the discipline to change your diet, the patience to realize you’ll probably only lose about two pounds per week and the realization that the benefit to your health extends beyond simple weight loss.

AMY STEWART can be reached at science@theaggie.org.

Campus Chic

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Finlay Pilcher, senior civil engineering major

The Aggie: What are you wearing?
Pilcher: “A Forever 21 sweater, Zara skirt, Topshop over-the-knee socks and Frye shoes. My necklace is J. Crew.”

How did you decide what to wear today?
“I’m pretty inspired by how people dress in the UK since I studied abroad there for a year last year. I really like pleated skirts. I try to wear high heels as much as possible even though no one does in Davis.”

Where do you find inspiration?
“I look at a few blogs. The Sartorialist is really good.”

What’s your advice for staying chic during the winter?
“I guess patterned tights and colorblocking, especially with scarves. That’s the easiest way, I think.”

STEPHANIE B. NGUYEN can be reached at campus@theaggie.org.

Column: Nutrition on a budget

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If your student wallet is like mine, it is probably full of wishful thinking instead of money. And if you love to eat, an obvious shortcoming is not being able to afford pricey foods. Yet in an effort to stay healthy, many students continue to overspend on nutrition. In an effort to save money, many others turn to fast food for a solution. In truth, both are expensive.

While one makes you overpay immediately, the other is filled with external costs. Weight gain aside, a fast food diet low in nutrients will likely result in poor health, costing you more through supplements, doctor visits, fitness trainers and over the counter drugs. Even to save money, we obviously need good nutrition. The problem is that many students don’t know how to buy cheap and healthy at the same time.

Luckily, a nutritious diet does not have to poke your paycheck with a fork. Or stab it with a knife. A few simple grocery rules will do. Not only will these tips lower your expenses, they will also save you hidden costs by leaving you with an optimal brain, body and immune system.

First off, simply cutting your meat consumption in half will do wonders to your bill and self. For one, this is typically the most expensive food group in your shopping cart. Second, leaning toward plant proteins like mushrooms, peas, soybeans, tempeh, beans, nuts and oats can lower your risk for heart disease because their healthy oils and fibers lower cholesterol. Wheat gluten, low fat dairy and eggs can also be cheaper and great sources of protein.

What’s more? Doing this probably won’t deprive your body of protein, as the average adult already eats about 55 percent more protein than he or she needs. So consider adding the above foods to your diet. It may be tempting to instead buy a protein bar but, unless it is your way of avoiding even more expensive takeout, remember that pre-made and over-packaged anything will up your bill.

Speaking of which, your next solution is to go as raw and simple as possible. Do this, and the better off you and your wallet will be. You can pay for the wrapping and time spent putting ingredients together, or you can do it yourself. You can also buy food that is no longer recognizable, or you can buy un-tampered foods that are cheaper and healthier. Vitamins are often added to processed foods, but no matter how fortified they are, the starting ingredients are likely way more nutritious than the end products. Even the process of canning, for example, zaps out up to 90 percent of vitamin C in canned fruit.

If you want natural foods that are higher in vitamins and minerals, an easy solution is to first look down at your grocery cart to see what you have. Examples of over-processed and over-packaged foods include energy bars, canned soups, pre-made and frozen entrees, shakes and snacks in to-go cups. Hopefully, you will instead see most of your foods as close to their natural element as possible. I say, 15 ingredients or less is a good goal to shoot for.

Foods in their natural element, of course, will easily spoil and be thrown out when bought in bulk, which many of us do. Not only do Americans love buying in large amounts, but the average household also wastes 14 percent of its groceries –– money simply lost in the trash. While I still encourage buying in bulk, your budget is solved with this: only buy dry foods in bulk, not fresh.

Purchasing fresh foods in reasonable amounts will make them eaten, not thrown away. Super-sizing on dry foods, though, will give you better deals. Even organic foods, such as cereal, in bulk, will likely fit your budget. But is organic worth it?

When it comes to organic, higher price tags often convince us that organic products are superior. It turns out that some organic foods can boost your longevity, but there are many times when buying it won’t make sense. Next Wednesday, find out why and when to go organic.

THERESA RICHARDSON is bringing you the latest research to keep your college waistline and health in check. For questions or comments contact her at terichardson@ucdavis.edu.

Galaxy cluster collisions could help us understand dark matter

The UC Davis cosmological physics department discovered post-collision galaxy clusters 5 million light years away which may hold the potential to illuminate many mysteries of the universe.

The Musket Ball Cluster, so named because it is older and slower moving than the Bullet Cluster, represents the aftermath of two galaxy clusters which moved through each other, pulled by gravity. This particular system is important largely because it is one of few known collisions and, of those known, it is the farthest along its collision path.

Galaxy clusters are made up of three components: hundreds of galaxies, gas a thousand times hotter than the surface of the sun and dark matter. Due to the large distance between galaxies, they do not actually interact as the clusters pass through each other. However, the hot gas is the one component that does collide, remaining in the center of the collision as momentum carries the clusters away from each other.

“The main purpose of studying merging clusters is to understand about dark matter,” said Perry Gee, a research specialist at UC Davis, who discovered the system.

Researchers are particularly interested in how the dark matter interacts in the system — or more to the point, how it does not. The dark matter of both galaxy clusters has not interacted with each other and remains surrounding their respective galaxies post-collision. By studying the Musket Ball Cluster system, William Dawson, a fifth-year Ph.D. student and head of the project, hopes to contribute to the developing understanding of dark matter.

Studying dark matter may seem abstract to some, but as one studies science, the future applications are not always clear.

“The hope is that it will be like Einstein’s [theory of] General Relativity, which one hundred years ago, when he came up with it, there was no application for,” theorizes Dawson, “But now, we’re completely dependent upon his theoretical work — our GPS systems would not work without these corrections.”

Scientists don’t yet know how knowing about dark matter could affect the future, but as Dawson said, “Maybe our grandchildren’s grandchildren will figure out some use for this dark matter, which makes up roughly 25 percent of the entire universe.”

Besides constraining the ideas of dark matter, there are several other important applications of studying the Musket Ball Cluster. Observing this system could help us to understand the evolution of galaxies based on changes to their environment, cluster systems as accelerators of high energy cosmic rays and whether the universe is composed of only matter (or perhaps matter and antimatter).

“If one [cluster] was composed of matter and the other antimatter, we would see lots of gamma rays as the matter and antimatter particles annihilate,” David Wittman, the project supervisor said. “The fact that we do not … lends support to the idea that the entire universe is made of matter.”

Actual discovery of this system began in 1999 when Wittman used the Deep Lens Survey to scan the sky along with Tony Tyson of UC Davis and Ian Dell’Antonio of Brown University. It was not until 2006 that UC Davis researcher Gee discovered the system, which was first unrecognized by the less advanced cluster finding equipment.

In 2007, Gee passed the project on to Dawson who had more time to devote to the research.

A total of six telescopes were used to discover and map the system: the Hubble Space Telescope, the Subaru 8m Telescope, the KPNO 4m Mayall Telescope, the Keck 10m Telescope, the Chandra Space Telescope and the Sunyaev-Zel’Dolvich Array.

ALEX STANTON can be reached at science@theaggie.org.

2020 Initiative begins work in committees

The 2020 Initiative, a proposal to increase overall student enrollment within the coming years, began work this month in the form of task forces to outline an implementation process. The proposal was introduced by Chancellor Linda P.B. Katehi in Fall quarter.

If the proposal is enacted, an additional 5,000 students will be enrolled and 300 faculty hired by the target date. California, out-of-state and international students would together make up the increased student body.

“The main goal of 2020 is to sustain and enhance excellence at UC Davis by building on existing strengths and resources to become a more active partner with the state in supporting higher education,” said Yena Bae, ASUCD senator and member of the enrollment management committee. “The initiative also aims to improve diversity of the student body by bringing in more international and out of state students, financial stability and creating new revenues for the university and higher education.”

Three separate committees – the Academic Resources Committee, the Enrollment Management Committee and the Facilities Planning Committee – have been designated to help in the planning process of the initiative. Committees will meet twice monthly from January through June.

“The task forces are one set of groups that will be providing input and advice regarding the many issues raised in the 2020 proposal,” said Ken Burtis, professor of genetics, faculty advisor to the chancellor and provost and chair of the enrollment management committee. “They are comprised of members from a diverse group of campus constituencies, including undergraduate and graduate students, staff, faculty and administration. Input will also be sought from other groups, for example the standing committees of the Academic Senate, ASUCD, community members, etc. , through events such as town hall meetings and other venues.”

The initiative comes in response to campus budgetary problems from a lack of sufficient funding.

“The chancellor, as well as other members of the faculty and administration of UC Davis, have all been challenged recently to envision ways in which the campus can maintain its traditions of access and excellence in the face of rapidly declining state support,” said Burtis. “The growth proposal envisioned in the 2020 Initiative was one of the several ideas that arose out of the challenges that we face, and was recognized by the chancellor as a possible way in which we could begin to reverse some of the deleterious impacts of the decline in state funding.”

Although only in the planning stages, challenges in the application of the 2020 Initiative can be seen by some committee members.

“Again, I want to emphasize the fact that this is a proposal, not a set plan,” Bae said . “But if this initiative was to be enacted, then the biggest issue it might bring to the campus is the lack of resources that the university will be capable of providing to enhance not just academic life but the overall student life.”

In Chancellor Katehi’s Fall Convocation Address she outlined the objective of the proposal as creating “a university that can sustain its rising trajectory through its own best efforts, leveraging support from the state but rising above the fiscal limitations we now face.”

MAX GARRITY RUSSER can be reached at campus@theaggie.org.

Energy through algae

UC Davis colleagues are involved in a new joint project with an agency in Japan to explore new ways of creating biofuels for regular use, especially for use by automobiles, trucks and jets.

“Oil reserves won’t last forever,” said Oliver Fiehn, the director of the Metabolomics Research and Core Laboratories in the UC Davis Genome Center and research leader of the new project.

The goal of the joint project is to combine “perfect science and perfect application,” Fiehn said.

Biofuel technology involves the science of growing organisms and then extracting molecules that can be changed into a combustible form for fuel use, according to John Labavitch, a professor in the UC Davis Plant Sciences Department.

Using algae as biofuel in an industrial setting is a relatively new area of study. The problem of developing an industrial process of growing algae as a biofuel source is a long-term goal that cannot be accomplished by any one specific research project at the present time.

“There are some obvious difficult points that must be addressed,” in order to create a workable process, Labavitch said .

One of the biggest engineering obstacles to be overcome is finding an appropriate place to grow algae that does not compete with regular food production. Jean VanderGheynst, a professor in the UC Davis Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, who is also working on the project, says that the ocean would be an ideal place to grow algae to be used for biofuels, since the ocean would provide for a steady temperature.

“Think of enormous bags filled with algae where you have the algae being pumped through chambers in the surface,” VanderGheynst said.

VanderGheynst and Labavitch have also been working together for the past three years, using funding from Chevron, to study the most effective ways to grow algae and use their component molecules as biofuel sources.

Another option would be growing algae in special pools in the desert, explains Labavitch.

“Algae grow very fast — in a week or two. You can harvest them and start again,” Labavitch said, thus creating a quick and efficient turnaround time.

Ethanol made from corn was the first biofuel developed for use on an industrial scale. Many scientists, though, are dissatisfied with ethanol due to its many drawbacks.

“Ethanol corrodes motors, pipelines and it’s not a high-density fuel,” Fiehn said. “We need to get better and bolder than that.”

The low energy density of ethanol makes it unsuitable for use as a jet fuel, Fiehn emphasized. Also, corn grown for ethanol production is grown on land, competing with food production.

“Algae don’t compete with agricultural land use,” Fiehn said.

VanderGheynst is hopeful about finding a way to more easily extract molecules from algae that can be converted to combustible form.

“Certain algae will secrete lipid, so that you don’t need to break the cell wall open, and that would be a tremendous savings to the process,” she said.

The new joint project involves a strong orientation toward research in basic science, as evidenced by the large chemical pathway chart on the wall of the conference room in Fiehn’s lab — a chart that is packed with intricately connected lines and symbols denoting various types of molecules and the chemical reactions that they undergo in various contexts.

“It’s like a big street map,” Fiehn said. “If I want more traffic to go to San Francisco and less to Sacramento, then close Interstate 5, what happens?”

Fiehn explained that the Japanese funders are more focused on the possible technological fruits of the project, while the National Science Foundation, which is providing funding for the US side, is focused at this point more on the basic research angle.

BRIAN RILEY can be reached at science@theaggie.org.